In 1991-1992, two associations of nongovernmental organizations in consultation with the United Nations in Geneva and New York each formed an NGO Committee on Freedom of Religion or Belief. Since 1992, these committees function as part of the Conference of Non-Governmental Organizations (CONGO) in consultative status with ECOSOC. Between 20-25 NGO'S in both cities hold monthly meetings to discuss initiatives towards the promotion of Article 18 and the 1981 U.N. Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief. They prepare joint written or oral statements to be presented to human rights treaty bodies and support the work of the U.N. Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief in his annual mandate to monitor the 1981 U.N. Declaration and prepare studies on how to promote tolerance and prevent discrimination based on religion or belief.