WUNRN
South Sudan - Intense Fighting - Humanitarian Tragedy – Women & Children
Text of article follows photos. http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/celebrations-forgotten-as-south-sudan-tears-itself-apart-1.2261384
SOUTH SUDAN CRISIS – WOMEN’S TRAUMA IN PREGNANCY &
CHILDBIRTH
A midwife
tends to a newborn baby girl born onto a tarpaulin on the floor, completely in
the dark except for the light of a torch
A midwife
examines an expectant mother by torchlight in the Goal clinic at Balliet, along
the Sobat RiverPicture: Julien Behal/PA
June 24, 2015 - In places where the fighting is fiercest, no one is even
attempting to count the dead. Nearly half the population of the world’s newest
nation, South Sudan,
is in danger of going hungry. New atrocities are reported almost every day. And
more than 1.5 million people have fled their homes, the vast majority to
swampland villages where they hope rising waters during the rainy season will
keep them safe from marauding soldiers.
“There is no
more country,” said John Khamis (38) who has spent much of his nation’s
existence sheltered in a camp on a United Nations base.
“I don’t know how the fighting stops now.” It has been less than two years
since a power struggle between the nation’s leaders plunged South Sudan into
chaos, inflaming old ethnic tensions that almost immediately tore this new
country apart. Despite repeated attempts at peace, some of the deadliest
fighting of the civil war has erupted in the last few months. The warring
leaders are unflinchingly entrenched in their positions, and the kinds of
abuses that shocked the world early in the conflict, including the use of child
soldiers and deliberate attacks on civilians, are reoccurring with new
ferocity.
“The details
of the worsening violence against children are unspeakable,” the director of Unicef, Anthony Lake,
said in a statement this week. “Survivors report that boys have been castrated
and left to bleed to death. Girls as young as 8 have been gang raped and
murdered. Children have been tied together before their attackers slit their
throats. Others have been thrown into burning buildings.”
Even the
spokesman for the military, the South Sudanese
Liberation Army, acknowledged that the conflict was pointless. “This
is a senseless war,” said the spokesman, Col Phillip Guarang. Chol Garkouth
(15) can barely remember how his family celebrated his country’s independence
from Sudan four years ago. He does not know about the support the United States
gave to South Sudan’s creation, the eight peace deals that have collapsed since
his fledgling nation quickly spiraled into civil war, or even much about the
politics fueling the fire.
But he knows
why he picked up a gun. “All the other boys my age were going to fight,” Chol
said from his hospital bed, bleary-eyed, a bullet wound in his leg. “I wanted
to go fight with them.”
Many
observers argue that the humanitarian crisis seems to get worse by the day. The
country’s economy is in free fall, and the cost of food, gas and other
essentials has skyrocketed. By April, 3.8 million people did not have enough
food. Within a month, that number had grown by nearly a million.
“A
staggering number of people are going hungry,” said Joyce Luma,
the director of the World Food Programme in South Sudan. So many people are
seeking refuge that in one village north of the city of Malakal, Wau Shilluk,
the population has exploded to more than 39,000 from 3,000. For more than a
month, no aid could get there because of the fighting, and children described
going as many as five days without a meal.
International
aid groups had to cancel repeated trips last week because of shelling and
clashes. Finally, aid workers went despite the risks, but on the way back
gunmen shot at one of the boats – though it was clearly marked with an aid
group’s flag – forcing workers to dive for cover and speed back to port.
George Fominyen,
the spokesman for World Food Programme here, said it was a race against time to
deliver food and other supplies before the heavy rains. “When you look at the
map and the stretches of land these people crossed to survive, you have to ask
how in the world did they make it there alive,” he said of the displaced
masses.
Tens of
thousands have sought refuge in UN camps, many for more than a year. The
compounds were never built to house refugees but are now taking on a feeling of
permanence. Here in Malakal, more than 7,000 people have arrived in the last
two months, swelling the compound’s population to more than 30,000.
With
families piled on families, much of the camp has become an open sewer. The
fighting has kept supplies from arriving from the capital, and there are
shortages of just about everything. UN officials say they face an impossible
choice: open their doors to the desperate or let people die.
This is a
far cry from what international officials envisioned when the decades of war
between northern and southern Sudan ended and a peace treaty was reached in
2005, paving the way for independence from Sudan. In 2011, when South Sudan
voted to separate from Sudan, the leaders of the new nation’s two largest
ethnic groups – the Dinka and the Nuer – joined in forming a government. Then,
in December 2013, President Salva Kiir,
a Dinka, accused his former vice president, Riek Machar,
a Nuer, of plotting a coup. The two had a history of hostility dating back
decades, and their personal political struggle quickly swallowed the country,
setting off a new round of violence.
The fighting
spread from the capital and has been most intense in two regions where there
are oil fields. For Kiir and Machar, it is not just territory that they are
trying to control. They need alliances with the nation’s many other ethnic
groups. So when the militia leader of one of the nation’s largest groups, the
Shilluk, broke from the government in May and began an assault on the towns
leading to the last remaining working oil fields in the country, it represented
a major blow to Kiir’s hold on power. The vast majority of the nation’s budget
comes from oil.
“They were
very close to taking the oil fields,” Guarang said of the rebel advance. To get
there, the rebels had to take Malakal. The fighting raged just outside the
camp, and the burned remains of cars sit just beyond the fence. Farther north,
the town of Melut was leveled, and aid workers were stranded for days. Their
warehouses and supply depots were ransacked and looted.
Villages
were torched; hundreds of thousands fled to the bush; and untold numbers of
civilians were killed. The opposing forces now sit on opposite sides of the
Nile, occasionally lobbing mortar shells at each other, the bombs flying over
this camp and the civilians huddled for safety. Before the spring offensive,
the last major fighting in this area was over a year ago.
Malakal had
changed hands at least eight times. But as fighting eased in recent months,
some people had started to go back to the city, opening a market and hoping to
rebuild lost lives.
Lual Ukuach
(43) said his brother and his children all were in Malakal when the latest
round of clashes erupted. “The troops, they came and they asked if you were
Shilluk,” Ukuach said. The wrong answer resulted in a bullet, he said. “I lost
five members of my family, including my blood brother,” he said. In the latest
round of fighting, government forces also began an offensive in Unity State,
with reports suggesting that they had reached Machar’s hometown, Leer.
“Eyewitness
accounts reported targeted rape and killing of civilians, including children,”
said a statement by the United Nations. It has accused all sides of abuses,
adding that combatants were preventing human rights workers from documenting
what has taken place in the past two months.
Guarang said
the government was not keeping anyone out of places where there had been
fighting, and welcomed an investigation. Representatives for Machar could not
be reached for comment, but his supporters argued that the fault lay with the government.
Guarang
blamed criminals for any violations of human rights attributed to the
government but said he, too, supported accountability – just not yet. “You
cannot account when the war is on,” he said. “How do you get the suspects from
both sides when the war is flaming?” Still, he conceded that there was a major
problem with “indiscipline” fueled by alcohol.
While exact
figures are impossible to determine, international officials and human rights
activists say tens of thousands of people have been killed since 2013. “For
more than 17 months, women, men and children have been senselessly suffering
through an entirely man-made catastrophe,” the UN high commissioner for human
rights, Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein, said in late May. “And now, over the past few
weeks,” he added, “the opposing parties have actually managed to make a
terrible situation much, much worse.”
The
government has not reacted well to criticism. After the UN chief relief
coordinator,Toby Lanzer,
offered a scathing critique of the government, he was expelled from the country
this month. A presidential spokesman, Ateny Wek Ateny,
said Lanzer was kicked out because his comments were bad for morale.
“Toby
Lanzer’s statement was not giving hope to the people of South Sudan,” he told
reporters at a news conference last week. More than a dozen Western diplomats
and officials, speaking on background because peace talks are underway,
expressed thinly veiled disgust with the situation. “Both Machar and Kiir know
that total victory is impossible; they know they cannot kill everyone from the other
side,” one Western official said. “What is happening now is that all the
parties are trying to secure as strong a position as possible before the rainy
season comes and the fighting stops.”
While many
hold out little hope for a lasting deal, it would not be the first time the two
main rivals had fought and then reconciled. In 1991, Machar split from Kiir’s
Sudan People’s Liberation Army. Forces under his command then killed hundreds
of Dinka in the town of Bor, setting off an ethnic clash similar, though
smaller in scale, to the one playing out today.
Still, after
the peace deal was struck in 2005, Machar and Kiir allied once more. The two
lived in homes just across the street from each other in Juba. Machar’s home
now sits empty, the damage where it was struck by a tank shell still evident.
Dak Ongin
(54) remembers the day peace was declared in South Sudan in 2005, and when the
country declared its independence six years later, becoming the world’s newest
nation. “I was hoping that peace would last forever,” he said, sitting atop a
mound of earth and rotting trash at the UN compound. In the distance, beyond
the barbed-wire fence, lay his home in Malakal and an untold number of dead
relatives and friends. Ongin no longer expects peace. “If the government keeps
misbehaving, we will tear down this fence and take back the town ourselves,” he
said.