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http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/29/israeli-city-to-pay-women-damages-illegal-modesty-signs
Israel – City Told to Pay Women Damages after Failing to Remove ‘Modesty Signs’
Billboards in ultra-orthodox community bar women from
certain buildings and pavements and warn against ‘slutty clothing worn in a
religious style.’
A sign cautioning women to dress modestly in the town
of Beit Shemesh, near Jerusalem. Such signs are still in place despite being
ruled illegal two years ago. Photograph: Nir Elias/Reuters
Peter Beaumont in Jerusalem – 29 January 2015
Four female campaigners have been awarded damages in a
groundbreaking case in an Israeli court, after their local municipality refused
to remove illegal and threatening signs demanding women wear “modest” clothing
in public.
The case marks the first time that campaigners against
gender segregation in Israel’s ultra-orthodox Jewish communities have persuaded
a court to rule against the so-called “modesty signs” – despite the fact that
they were deemed unlawful by the attorney general two years ago.
Judge David Gidoni found that the failure of the local
authority in the city of Beit Shemesh to take down the signs violated
the women’s civil rights. He ruled that the “hurtful, degrading and
discriminatory” signs put up by ultra-orthodox radicals “delivered a mortal
blow to the rights of women in the city” and instructed Beit Shemesh to
compensate the women for their “mental anguish”. The municipality must now pay
each of the women 15,000 shekels (£2,530) in compensation.
The signs include “warnings” excluding women from
certain buildings and pavements in the city of 80,000, which is about 20 miles
south-west of Jerusalem. Another billboard, signed “residents of the
neighbourhood”, declares: “Dire warning: It is forbidden to walk on our streets
in immodest dress, including slutty clothing worn in a religious style.”
Another sign – posted near a synagogue – instructs women to walk on the
opposite pavement.
The four women behind the campaign to have the signs
removed had all suffered intimidation or been spat on by a minority of the
city’s ultra-orthodox male inhabitants.
The municipality in Beit Shemesh – where an
ultra-orthodox mayor was elected last year by a slim margin – accepted the
signs had been put up without permission and were discriminatory, but its
leaders said they feared their removal might prompt violence. The court was
told the signs had been removed “several times” but it was claimed they were
put up again within minutes.
In recent years Beit Shemesh – a city whose population
is 45% ultra-orthodox – has been at the frontline of tension between some
ultra-orthodox and secular and non-ultra-orthodox residents, not least over the
issue of gender segregation and “modesty”.
Last year an ultra-orthodox man assaulted a religious
woman in Beit Shemesh because he thought her skirt was too short. In another
controversial incident, in 2011, an eight-year-old girl on her way to school
was spat on by ultra-orthodox men because of her perceived immodest dress.
The issue has not been confined to Beit Shemesh.
“Modesty signs” are on walls in ultra-orthodox neighbourhoods of Jerusalem,
requiring loose clothing and specifying the length of sleeves and height of
neckline. The health ministry ordered the removal of similar signs from health
clinics in the city of Bnei Brak last year.
This year a series of bus ads in Jerusalem, paid for
by an ultra-orthodox modesty campaign, attracted controversy for claiming
“short clothing = shortened life”.
One of the plaintiffs in the Beit Shemesh case was
Miriam Zussman, who explained to the Guardian why she had decided to go to
court. “Personally I had incidents where I was spat on and called insulting
names, which is quite shocking. I was also dressed extremely modestly with
covered hair, skirts below knee and arms covered.
“My daughter too had an incident near school where she
was waiting at bus stop near a boy’s yeshiva [religious school] and was told
she wasn’t allowed to wait at the bus stop. It was a growing issue that became
tied to the power of ownership the signs represented. The idea came to us that
we could do something, especially given the signs are illegal. It is a minority
that has been violent but there is a lack of people who are prepared to speak
out.”
Nili Philipp, another of the women who brought the
case, told Haaretz after the court victory: “We can’t count on our city
government to enforce the law in Beit Shemesh. I’m glad we have the courts to
stand up for our rights, but as I see it, it’s a sad state of affairs that we had
to go to court at all.”
Orly Erez-Likhovski, the chief lawyer at the Israel
Religious Action Centre, which represented the women and has been fighting
against gender segregation on religious grounds, said the next step was to
insist the police remove the signs. “What the municipality said to the court
was that if they took them down they would be hung again and there would be
violence and riots. Our argument in court on Sunday was that they contribute to
the atmosphere of violence against women.
“We have to go back to court to enforce their removal
but this is very important first step. It is the first case on modesty signs
since the attorney general ruled they were illegal.”