WUNRN
http://www.trust.org/item/20141110100628-ax25b/?source=dpMostPopular
http://www.icrw.org/publications/masculinity-intimate-partner-violence-and-son-preference-india
MASCULINITY, INTIMATE PARTNER
VIOLENCE & SON PREFERENCE IN INDIA
Direct Link to Full 130-page
2014 Study Report:Masculinity,
Intimate Partner Violence and Son Preference in India
http://www.icrw.org/sites/default/files/publications/Masculinity%20Book_Inside_final_6th%20Nov.pdf
INDIA – 6 OUT
OF 10 INDIA MEN ADMIT VIOLENCE AGAINST WIVES – UN STUDY
Nita Bhalla – November 10, 2014
NEW DELHI (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Six
out of 10 Indian men admit to having perpetrated violence against their wives
or partners, with men who experienced discrimination as children or faced
financial stresses more likely to be abusive, said a study released on Monday.
The report - by the United Nations World Population
Fund (UNFPA) and the Washington-based International Center for Research on
Women - polled 9,205 men, aged 18 to 49, across seven states in India to
understand their views on masculinity, partner violence and son preference.
Violence was defined as emotional such as
insults, intimidation and threats, or physical and sexual such as pushing,
punching and rape. It also included economic abuse in which a man did not
permit his wife or partner to work or took her earnings against her will.
"Many men in India act in a manner that is
fairly predetermined by their gendered roles and expectations, socio-economic
characteristics and childhood experiences," said the "Masculinity,
Intimate Partner Violence and Son Preference" report.
"Men who experience economic stress were
more likely to have perpetrated violence ever or in the past 12 months. This
may be because of norms related to masculinity, which reinforce the expectation
that men are primary economic providers for their households."
The study - across the states of Uttar Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra - found that
men who had experienced discrimination as children were four times more likely
to be violent towards their partners.
The highest reports of violence came from
Odisha and Uttar Pradesh, said the report, with more than 70 percent of men in
these regions admitting to being abusive towards their wives and partners.
More than 38 percent of all crimes committed
against women in India in 2013 were those registered under the charge of
cruelty by husband or his relatives, according to the National Crime Records
Bureau (NCRB).
Such crimes make up the largest proportion of
crimes against women in the country - with 118,866 cases of cruelty by husband
or his family reported from a total of 309,546, says the NCRB.
PHYSICAL VIOLENCE MOST COMMON
The study, which also polled 3,158 women, said
more than half - 52 percent - of women said they had experienced some form of
violence during their lifetime.
Physical abuse such as being kicked, slapped,
choked and burned was the most commonly reported, with 38 percent of women
saying they had faced such abuse. This was followed by emotional, sexual and
economic violence respectively.
The reason less women reported being victims than
men reported being violent was a feeling of shame or fear of social stigma,
said the report. They may have also believed such acts were normal in a
relationship and expected men to exert some control on their lives, it added.
Women who were discriminated against as
children were three to six times more likely to experience violence.
"Women who experienced and observed
discrimination or violence growing up are more likely to justify it as adults
and may therefore not resist circumstances that may trigger intimate partner
violence," the report said.
The head of UNFPA in India, Frederika Meijer,
said that this research into the causes of violence would help to structure
programmes to engage men and boys more effectively.
"It identifies triggers that could enable them to become
change agents in addressing gender discrimination," Meijer said at the
launch of the report on the sidelines of the MenEngage conference aimed at
getting men involved in gender equality. (Reporting by Nita Bhalla, editing by
Alisa Tang.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________