WUNRN
CALL FOR NGO SIGN-ON FOR STATEMENT
ON CODIFICATION OF THE
HUMAN RIGHT TO PEACE FOR HUMAN
RIGHTS COUNCIL SESSION 13
Contact details of (main) NGO:
NGO
Name: International Society
for Human Rights
Name
of main contact person: David Fernández Puyana and Alfred de Zayas
Phone
number: 0033450421917 (France)-0227882231(Geneva)
E-mail:
david.fernandez-puyana@orange.fr, zayas@bluewin.ch
Language(s): ENGLISH AND SPANISH
HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL
Thirteenth session
Agenda item 5 A. Human Rights Council Advisory Committee
Joint
written statement submitted by (PROVISIONAL LIST) The International Alliance of Women (IAW), the
Commission of the Churches on International Affairs of the World Council of
Churches (CCIA/WCC), Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University (BKWSU), the
International Association of Soldiers for Peace, Zonta International,
International the Federation of Settlements and Neighbourhood Centres (IFS),
the International Council Of Women (ICW-CIF), the
International Women's Tribune Centre, the International Federation of Business
and Professional Women (BPWI), the International Youth and Student Movement for
the United Nations (ISMUN), International Association for Religious Freedom
(IARF), Women’s Federation for World Peace International (WFWPI), Soroptimist
International (SI), the Asian Legal Resource Centre (ALRC), CIVICUS: World
Alliance for Citizen Participation, Buddha’s Light International Association,
the International Council on Social Welfare (ICSW), Congregation of St. Joseph,
non-governmental organizations with general consultative status
Dominicans
for Justice and Peace (Order of Preachers), Federación de Asociaciones de
Defensa y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos (España), Interfaith International,
Pax Romana (International the Catholic Movement for Intellectual and Cultural
Affairs and the International Movement of Catholic Students), Temple of
Understanding (TOU), the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom
(WILPF), the Women’s World Summit Foundation (WWSF), International Society for
Human Rights (ISHR), the International Federation of University Women (IFUW),
Femmes Africa Solidarité (FAS), the Lutheran World Federation (LWF), the
Worldwide Organization for Women (WOW), the Anglican Consultative Council
(ACC), the Union of Arab Jurists, Rencontre Africaine pour la Defense des
Droits de l’Homme (RADDHO), the Foundation for the Refugee Education Trust
(RET), International Bridges to Justice (IBJ), the Inter-African Committee on
Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children (IAC), the
American Association of Jurists (AAJ), the Lassalle-Institut, the UNESCO Centre
of Catalonia, the Anti-Racism Information Service (ARIS), the Pan Pacific and
South East Asia Women’s Association (PPSEAWA), the Ius Primi Viri International
Association (IPV), the Permanent Assembly for Human Rights (APDH), the
International Movement for Fraternal Union Among Races and Peoples (UFER), the
International Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA), the International Federation
of Women in Legal Careers (FIFCJ), the Canadian Federation of University Women
(CFUW), the International Association for Women's Mental Health (IAWMH), the
European Union of Women (EUW), International Women’s Year Liaison Group
(IWYLG), the African Services Committee, Inc., the International Federation of
Family Associations of Missing Persons from Armed Conflict (IFFAMPAC),
Institute of International Social Development, African Action on AIDS, the
International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS), the Lama Gangchen
World Peace Foundation (LGWPF), the Pax Christi International, International
Catholic Peace Movement, the Tandem Project, Canadian Voice of Women for Peace
(VOW), the Organization for Defending Victims of Violence (ODVV), Solar Cookers
International (SCI), the World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH), the United
States Federation for Middle East Peace, Network Women in Development Europe
(KULUK), North-South XXI, the United Towns Agency for North-South Cooperation,
the World Association for the School as an Instrument of Peace, the
International Organization for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination (EAFORD), Latin American Committee for the Defense of Women’s
Rights (CLADEM), the African Women’s Association (AWA), the United Nations
Association of Spain (ANUE), Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers, Maryknoll Sisters
of St. Dominic, the International Forum for Child Welfare, the BADIL Resource
Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights, the Arab Lawyers Union,
the General Federation of Iraqi Women, the International Federation of Social
Workers (IFSW), the International Association of Peace Messenger Cities
(IAPMC), the Committee for Hispanic Children and Families, Peace Boat, Peter
Hesse Stiftung Foundation, Action Internationale pour la Paix et Developpement
dans la Region des Grands Lacs (AIPD-GL), the Federation for Peace and
Conciliation (FPC), National Council of Women of the United States of America,
Comite International pour le Respect et l’Application de la Charte Africaine
des Droits de l’Homme et des Peuples (CIRAC), the Cairo Institute for Human Rights
Studies (CIHRS), the World for the World Organisation (WFWO), Education
International (Global Federation of Unions), the Universal Esperanto
Association, Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW), International Grail,
the Council of American Overseas Research Centres, European Women’s Lobby,
Zenab for Women in Development, The Grail, UNANIMA International, Fondation
SURGIR, Association for Democratic Initiatives (ADI), Congregation of our Lady
of Charity of the Good Shepherd, Centre for Development Studies and Action, End
Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual
Purposes (ECPAT international), Academy for Mobilizing Rural-Urban Action
through Education (AMRAE), Afro-Asian Peoples’ Solidarity Organization, Deniz Feneri
Association (Light House Aid and Solidarity Association), Arab Centre for the
Independence of the Judiciary and the Legal Profession (ACIJLP), Commission for
the Defense of Human Rights in Central America (CODEHUCA), Foundation for
Culture of Peace, Center for Practice-Oriented Feminist Science (PROFS),
International Association of Democratic Lawyers (IADL), General Arab Women
Federation (GAWF), Union of Associations of Refugees, Displaced Persons and
Returnees in Bosnia-Herzegovina, National Alliance of Women’s Organisation
(NAWO), MADRE, inc, Comite d’Action pour les Droits de l’Enfant et de la Femme
(CADEF), International Association of Applied Psychology, National Council of
Women of Great Britain, non-governmental
organizations with special consultative status,
The
Institute for Planetary Synthesis (IPS), the International Peace Bureau (IPB),
the UNESCO Centre for the Basque Country (UNESCO ETXEA), the 3HO Foundation
(Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization), the Dzeno Association, the Country Women
Association of Nigeria (COWAN), the Association Nigeriènne des Scouts de
l’Environnment (ANSEN), the International Peace Research Association (IPRA),
the Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development (APWLD), the International
Progress Organization (IPO), Gray Panthers, European Federation of Road Traffic
Crash Victims (FEVR), Fondation Idole, Arab NGO Network for Development (ANND),
non-governmental organizations on the Roster
_______________________________________________________________
Codification
of the Human Right to Peace[1][1]
I
The Spanish Society for International Human Rights Law (SSIHRL) welcomed on 30 October 2006 the adoption of the Luarca Declaration on the Human Right to Peace, which was drafted by a Committee of independent experts. It was the culmination of a process of extensive consultations within the Spanish civil society, with the support of the Catalonian Agency for Cooperation to Development.
Following the adoption of
the Luarca Declaration, the SSIHRL has developed its four-year World Campaign
on the Human Right to Peace in all regions of the world organizing
consultations with international civil society on the contents and scope of the
human right to peace[2][2]. It will be finalized on 9-10 December 2010 when
international civil society will meet at the International Congress
on the Human Rights to Peace to be held in Santiago de Compostela, Spain[3][3], to discuss inputs received from
regional consultations, with a view to adopt a final text of the Universal Declaration of the Human Right to Peace. It will then be submitted to the HR Council, urging its Member
States to initiate the official codification of the human right to peace.
On 15 March 2007 the Luarca Declaration on the Human Right to Peace was firstly presented to the fourth session of the HR Council in an oral statement delivered by UNESCO Etxea on behalf of SSIHRL. Since then many parallel meetings have taken place at the Palais des Nations in Geneva during the subsequent sessions of the HR Council[4][4]. Written and oral NGO joint statements on this issue were delivered to the Plenary of the Council.
II
The Charter of the United Nations (1945) recognised in its Preamble that to save succeeding generations from the scourge of
war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to
mankind, is necessary inter alia “to practice tolerance and live together in
peace with one another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to
maintain international peace and security”. In addition, Article 55 c) stressed that to achieve peace and
stability in the world the Organisation shall promote the universal respect for
and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without
distinctions as to race, sex, language or religion.
The Universal Declaration of
Human Rights[5][5] also recognized that the inherent
dignity and the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family
are the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world (paragraph 1 of
its Preamble). Moreover, its article 28 states
that everyone is entitled
to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms can be
fully realized.
The 2005 World Summit Outcome document decided that the Human Rights
Council be responsible for promoting universal respect for the protection of
human rights and fundamental freedoms for all[6][6]. It also stressed its commitment to work towards a security consensus based on the recognition that many threats are interlinked, that
development, peace, security and human rights are mutually reinforcing[7][7].
In addition, resolution 60/163 of the General Assembly entitled “Promotion of peace as a
vital requirement for the full enjoyment of all human rights by all” stressed that peace is a vital requirement for the
promotion and protection of all human rights for all”[8][8].
When establishing the Human Rights Council,
the General Assembly acknowledged that
peace and security, development and human rights are the pillars of the United
Nations system and the foundations for collective security and well-being, and
recognized that development, peace and security and human rights are
interlinked and mutually reinforcing[9][9]. It follows that the
mandate of the HR Council shall include inter alia the promotion and protection
of all human rights for all, including the right to development and peace, as a
means to strengthen the three United Nations pillars.
Consequently, the HR Council adopted in 2008 and 2009 resolutions entitled “Promotion
of the right of peoples to peace”, inspired
by previous resolutions on this issue approved by the General Assembly
and the former Commission on Human Rights, particularly GA resolution 39/11 of
12 November 1984, entitled “Declaration on the Right of Peoples to Peace”, and
the United Nations Millennium Declaration (2000).
Both HR Council’s resolutions reiterated traditional positions according to which
“peoples of our planet have a sacred right to peace”[10][10], and that preservation and protection of this right constitutes a fundamental
obligation of each State (paragraph 2). Therefore, States
should direct their policies towards the elimination
of the threat of war, particularly nuclear war, the renunciation of the use or
threat of use of force in international relations and the settlement of
international disputes by peaceful means on the basis of the UN Charter (paragraph 5).
In addition, the 2009 HR Council resolution -with the vote
in favor of Latin American, African and Asian countries-[11][11]
recognized the individual approach of the right to peace by affirming
that “human rights include social, economic and cultural rights and the right
to peace, a healthy environment and development, and that development is,
in fact, the realization of these rights” (preambular paragraph 15); that,
pursuant to article 28 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, everyone
is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and
freedoms can be fully realized (preambular paragraph 17); and that a life
without war is the primary international prerequisite for the material
well-being, development and progress of countries and for the full
implementation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed
by the United Nations” (preambular paragraph 19).
Consequently, the HR Council reiterated that “peace and
security, development and human rights are the pillars of the United
Nations system and the foundations for collective security and well being”
(operative paragraph 5).
Moreover, the HR Council requested the OHCHR to convene an expert workshop on the right of peoples to peace, which
was held on 15-16 December 2009 in Geneva. Experts from countries of all
regional groups, representatives of States, international organizations and NGO were
invited to participate actively into the workshop.
The mandate of the expert workshop on the right of
peoples to peace was threefold:
a) To further clarify
the content and scope of this right;
b) To propose measures
that raise awareness of the importance of realizing this right; and
c) To suggest concrete
actions to mobilize States, intergovernmental and non-governmental
organizations in the promotion of the right of peoples to peace (operative
paragraph 11 of the resolution 11/4).
The SSIHRL actively
collaborated with the OHCHR and the sponsors of the resolution in the organization of the workshop, and
encouraged the active participation of other NGOs. It also submitted six
working papers to the workshop.
The expert workshop on the right of peoples to peace concluded
that on the basis of studies and latest developments of doctrine and civil
society, it could be identified the contents and scope of the human right to
peace as an emerging right.
Consequently, the expert workshop recommended that the HR Council establish
an open-ended working group
(representatives of States), with the task of initiating the official
codification of the human right to peace. Civil society
representatives shall be invited to participate actively in the working group.
A report by the High Commissioner on the outcome of the expert workshop shall
be submitted to the HR Council at its fourteenth session (June 2010).
We support the relevance of the human right to peace as stated in the Luarca Declaration on the Human Right to Peace of 30 October 2006, since it emphasizes that both collective (peoples) and individual dimensions of peace are equally important. This assumption leads to the emerging human right to peace whose holders are both peoples and individuals.
The Advisory
Committee’s recommendation 3/5, adopted on 7 August 2009 and entitled
“Promotion of the Right of Peoples to Peace”, proposed to the HR Council that Mr. Miguel Alfonso Martinez be
designated "to prepare an initial working paper on the need to initiate a
study with the purpose, inter alia, to: a) further clarify the content and
scope of this right; b) propose measures to raise awareness of the importance
of realising this right; and c)
suggest concrete actions to mobilise States, intergovernmental and
non-governmental organisations in the promotion of the right of peoples to
peace”.
The working paper will be submitted to the
consideration of the Advisory Committee at its fifth session (August 2010).
Furthermore, the expert shall take duly into account "the conclusions and recommendations that
may be reached in the Workshop on this issue referred to in operative paragraph
11 of Council resolution 11/4".
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. We invite the HR Council to
consider the conclusions and recommendations of the expert workshop on the right of peoples to peace, particularly
those related to the establishment within the HR Council of an Open-Ended Working Group on the
codification of the human right to peace.
2. The Working
Group should endeavour to:
a) Consider the human right to peace as a means to foster the right to self determination of peoples and all human rights, including the right to development.
b) Recognize the relationship between human
right to peace and the right to life,
integrity, liberty and
security of the person;
the need to protect victims of uncontrolled weapons of mass
destruction in armed conflict;
and the exercise of civil,
political, economic, social and cultural rights to enhance the social justice, equity, gender
equality and the elimination of extreme poverty since it will make
possible the solidarity, peace and friendly relations among
all nations, races, ethnicities or religions.
c) Stress solidarity rights and peace
education, and the construction of democratic, interactive and egalitarian
multiculturalism, as well as the promotion of dialogue among cultures,
civilizations and religions, constitute as a means to achieve the human right
to peace and to discourage the arms race.
d) Affirm the realization of the human
right to peace as contained in
the UN Charter, the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the International Covenants on Human Rights, the 2000 United
Nations Millennium Declaration, the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document, the
Declaration on the development of societies to live in peace, the Declaration
on the Right of Peoples to Peace, the Charter of the Organization of American
States, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and
Fundamental Freedoms, the
Asian Human Rights
Charter, the African Charter on Human Rights and Peoples' Rights, the Arab
Human Rights Charter and the Charter of the Organization of Islamic Conference.
e) Take into account the Luarca
Declaration on the Human Right to Peace, adopted by the Spanish civil society
in 2006, and the results of the Global Campaign for the Human Right to Peace,
which the SSIHRL is carrying out with the support of UNESCO Etxea since 2007 in all regions of the world and in the
international organizations. In particular, the reports of the meetings of
experts organized by the SSIHRL in the five regions of the world and the
regional declarations on the human right to peace adopted by experts of civil society in La Plata, Yaoundé,
Bangkok, Johannesburg,
Sarajevo, Alexandria and Havana. Furthermore, it should take into
account joint written and oral
statements on the content and scope of the human right to peace that have been
submitted by the SSIHRL with the support of more than 200 NGO from around the
world to the successive
sessions of the HR Council (see www.aedidh.org).; and
f) Further recognize the need to enhance gender mainstreaming in the field of peace-building as requested by the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action, adopted by the Fourth World Conference on Women of 1995 and to promote women’s participation at all levels of decision-making on peace, disarmament and security issues, as provided for in Security Council resolution 1325 (2000).
3. We also invite the HR Council to authorize
the Advisory Committee’s expert's study.
In particular, the expert should be asked to identify the elements which will contribute to the elaboration of a draft Universal
Declaration on the Human Right to Peace, and further to formulate guidelines, criteria,
standards and principles aimed at promoting and protecting this right.
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[1][1] NGO
without consultative status that also share the views expressed in this
statement: Fundación Mi Sangre, New
Mexico Department of Peace Initiative, European Centre of the International
Council of Women, Confederation of Associations Working for World Peace,
International Indigenous Women’s Forum, WeCan, Associació per la Recuperació de
la Memòria Històrica de Catalunya, Asian Human Rights Commission, International
Network of Human Rights, Conservative Centre Environmental & Reserves in
Iraq, Association of Iraqi Diplomats, Monitoring of Human Rights in Iraq,
Association of Arab Lawyers, Altermundo, Seminario Galego de Educación para la
Paz, Fundació Cultura de Pau, Sol de Paz, Paz y Cooperación, International Jacques Maritain Institute, Federation of Associations
on Defensa and Promotion on Human Rights (Asociación
para la Defensa de la Libertad Religiosa (ADLR), Asociación
Pro Derechos Humanos de España (APDHE), Associació
per a les Nacions Unides a Espanya (ANUE), Comisión
Española de Ayuda al Refugiado (CEAR), Comunidad
Bahá'í de España, Federació
Catalana d´Organizations no Governamentals pels Drets Humans, Fundación
Paz y Cooperación, Institut
de Drets Humans de Catalunya (IDHC), Instituto
de Estudios Políticos para América Latina y África (IEPALA), Justicia
y Paz. España (JP. España), Liga
Española Pro-Derechos Humanos (LEPDDHH), Movimiento
por la Paz, el Desarme y la Libertad (MPDL), Paz
y Tercer Mundo - Mundubat (PTM)), Foro 2010 de Santiago de Compostela
(AIPAZ, SOIPAZ, SIP de Zaragoza, Red de Escuelas de Paz de Andalucía, Fundación
Cultura de Paz en Barcelona, Baketik, Instituto de Paz y Conflictos de la
Universidad de Granada, Fundación per la Pau, Cátedra Unesco de la Universidad
Jaume I de Castellón, Igadi, Centro de Estudios Sociais de la Universidad de
Coimbra en Portugal, Fundación Galiza Sempre, Altermundo, IGESIP, Institut
Català Internacional per la Pau, Coordinadora Gallega de ONGDs, Consejo
Internacional del Foro Mundial de Educación, Confederación de STEs, Colegio de
Psicólogos de Galicia, CIP Ecosocial de Madrid, Sociedad Iberoamericana de
Pedagogía, Ospaaal Galicia, Seminario Galego de Educación para a Paz, Médicos
del Mundo), Red Catalana de ONG para el Derecho Humano a la Paz
[2][2] Conferences and expert meetings have already taken place in the following places: Bilbao and Geneva (November 2006); Mexico (December 2006); Bogotá, Barcelona and Addis Ababa (March 2007); Caracas and Santo Domingo (April 2007); Morelia, Mexico (12 May 2007), Bogotá (12 May 2007), Oviedo and Santa Fe (New Mexico, USA, 16-17 May 2007); Washington (14 June 2007) , Nairobi (15 June 2007), Geneva (28 June 2007); Feldkirch (Austria, 31 August 2007); Geneva (11, 12 and 21 September 2007), Luarca (28 September 2007); Madrid (23 October 2007); Monterrey, Mexico (1st November 2007), Mexico DF, Geneva, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Zaragoza and Navía, Asturias (December 2007); on the occasion of the UN Commission on the Status of Women, New York (February 2008); Geneva (March 2008); Parliament of Catalonia, Barcelona, Geneva, Dakar, Madrid and Valencia (April 2008); Rome and Gwangju, Republic of Korea (May 2008); Geneva and Bilbao (June 2008); Cartagena, Spain, and Geneva (July 2008); Paris, Geneva and Montevideo (September 2008); Oviedo, Turin, New York and Basque Parliament, Vitoria (October 2008); La Plata and Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Bosco Marengo, Italy (November 2008); Luxembourg, Geneva and Barcelona (December 2008); Geneva and Barcelona (January 2009); Yaoundé, Cameroon (February 2009); Figaredo, Asturias, Geneva and New York (March 2009), Johannesburg, Seville, Madrid, Santiago de Compostela and Bangkok (April 2009), Trevi, Italy, Mexico and Seville (May 2009), Geneva (June 2009), Mexico City and Morelia (July 2009), Donostia-San Sebastián (August 2009), Geneva and Valdes (September 2009), Case, Cangas de Onis, Alcala de Henares and Sarajevo (October 2009), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, University of Berkeley (USA) and Geneva (November 2009), Alexandria, Egypt and Geneva (December 2009), Havana, Cuba and Geneva (January 2010). For more information on these meetings, please see http://www.aedidh.org
[3][3] On the occasion of the "Forum
2010" (World Social Forum on Education for Peace), Santiago de Compostela,
Spain, to be held on 6-13 December 2010, http://www.foro2010.org
[4][4] On 15
March 2007 both the SSIHRL and the International Society of Human Rights (Frankfurt)
convened an open Information Meeting on the Luarca Declaration; on 16
March 2007, the SSIHRL organized a Technical Meeting with NGO and human
rights experts with a view to building a common strategy for a world-wide
campaign on the human right to peace; on 11 June 2007, both UNESCO Etxea and
SSIHR organized an additional parallel meeting on the relationship between
peace and solidarity rights; on 12 September 2007, the SSIHRL in collaboration with
the UNESCO Liaison Office in Geneva organised a Roundtable on the legal content
of the human right to peace; on 21 September 2007, the SSIHRL organised the
commemoration of the International Day of Peace in the Council Chamber of the
Palais de Nations; on 7 March 2008, the SSIHRL, the International Society of
Human Rights (Frankfurt) and UNESCO Etxea organised a Roundtable on the
relationship between extreme poverty and the human right to peace; on 4 June
2008, the SSIHRL and UNESCO Etxea organised a Roundtable on the right to
education on peace and human rights; on 12 September 2008, the SSIHRL and
UNESCO Etxea organised a Roundtable on the human right to peace and indigenous
peoples; on 19 September 2008, the SSIHRL, UNESCO Etxea and the NGO Liaison
Office of UNOG organised the commemoration of the International Day of Peace in
the Council Chamber of the Palais de Nations; on 17
March 2009 the SSIHRL and UNESCO Etxea organized a roundtable on the human
right to peace and racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related
intolerance; on 3 June 2009 the SSIHRL, Women’s United Nations Report Network
and UNESCO Etxea organized a roundtable on migration and peace; on 17
September 2009 the SSIHRL and UNESCO Etxea organized a roundtable on
peace and disarmament as solidarity rights.
[5][5] Adopted
and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948
[6][6] Paragraphs 157-160 of A/RES/60/1,
adopted on 15 September 2005.
[7][7] Ibidem,
paragraph 172
[8][8] A/RES/60/163, adopted on 16 December
2005, operative paragraph 1
[9][9] A/RES/60/251, adopted on 3 April 2006,
preambular paragraph 6
[10][10] Operative
paragraph 1 of HR Council resolution 8/9, adopted on 18 June 2008 by 32 votes
in favour, 13 against and 2 abstentions
(India and Mexico)
[11][11] HR Council resolution 11/4 of 17 June 2009,
adopted by 32 votes in favour (Angola, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Burkina
Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Cuba, Djibouti, Egypt, Russian Federation,
Philippines, Gabon, Ghana, Indonesia, Jordan, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mauritius,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Qatar, Senegal, South Africa, Uruguay and
Zambia), 13 against (Germany, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Slovakia,
Slovenia, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland, Republic of Korea, Switzerland and Ukraine) and
one abstention (India)