WUNRN
GENDER
& CLIMATE CHANGE: IMPORTANCE
OF INCLUSION IN PROCESS & AGREEMENTS
Sabina Zaccaro interviews IUCN gender advisor LORENA AGUILAR
REVELO*
ROME, Dec 7 (IPS/TerraViva) - Women are known to be
innovators when it comes to responding to climate change. The question is how
to ensure that the role of women and gender equality are reflected in climate
change agreements.
Women in poor countries will be the most affected by climate
change effects, according to the 2009 State of the World Population report,
released last month by the United Nations Population Fund. This is because women
comprise the majority of the world’s farmers, have access to fewer income-
earning opportunities, and have limited or no access to technology.
To understand how far women are involved in decision making
on climate change, TerraViva spoke with Lorena Aguilar Revelo, global senior
gender advisor to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
which is a part of the Global Gender and Climate Alliance launched at the
United Nations climate change conference in Bali in December 2007.
IPS: Women are said to be the major agents of change, but their role is
still not recognised, according to the gender and climate alliance.
LORENA AGUILAR REVELO: Women have been playing a major role
in the management of natural resources for centuries, dealing with the
agricultural sector. In countries of Africa, in Congo for example, they produce
73 percent of the food and in Africa as a whole 50 percent of the food that is
being consumed on the continent.
Unfortunately, when you look at the other data you see that
women only own one percent of the land worldwide; or when you look at the money
from the new financing mechanism – or the previous financing mechanism –
associated with climate change, you don’t find women as major beneficiaries.
IPS: Why is that so?
LAR: The reason is that the whole climate change convention
is gender blind. Of the three major conventions related to climate change –
desertification, biodiversity and climate change – the U.N. Framework
Convention on Climate Change is the only agreement with no mention of gender.
There are innumerable global mandates calling for
integrating a gender perspective into environmental and poverty reduction
efforts that also apply to climate change. Nevertheless, there is no gender
plan of action and even no mention of gender or women’s issues.
And if you analyse all the numbers that have been developed
by the least developed countries, only four of them mention gender issues – in
a very simplistic way. Bangladesh is the only country that has made an effort
to move along these lines.
IPS: What steps are being taken to include gender perspectives into the
mitigation and adaptation efforts?
LAR: Three years ago we established this alliance, and we
are making sure in the new texts that any regime that comes after Copenhagen –
and now probably Mexico – must have gender in it.
So far, the parties have submitted 39 references to gender
and climate change, after a tremendous amount of advocacy work.
But we need to make sure that there are specific resources
for women; whatever project is going to come out it must consider this,
otherwise women are feeling the effects, they have a tremendous amount of
knowledge on mitigation and adaptation but they are not part of anybody’s
agenda.
IPS: Could you mention some examples?
LAR: Right now we are discussing a new regime that is called
REDD (reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation). At the national
level, for those countries that have forests it is very important. So far the
discussions over REDD again have been gender blind.
Women are using the forests in a different way than men. In
some countries, India for example, the role of women in protecting the forests
to avoid deforestation has been major; and the same is true for Brazil or
Guatemala.
When it comes to forests and mitigation – one of the major
areas being discussed – it is fundamental that in those countries that have
forests, where women are users of the forests, they are involved in defining
how the forests are going to be used, but also in receiving the benefits that
will derive from the REDD regime.
IPS: How can the participation of women in decision-making on climate
change be increased?
LAR: It is fundamental that in the discussion on REDD, women
are invited as stakeholders, that they’re trained to understand what REDD is
about, because no one understands that very well.
When it comes to adaptation it’s the same thing. We are
talking about reducing the impact of disasters for example; it means making
sure that women are fully participating in disaster risk reduction processes.
IPS: Do you expect that delegates to Copenhagen will give due attention
to your concerns?
LAR: We have been updating and training COP delegates for
two years now. Delegates from various countries have been extremely open to
including the topic of gender, like those from EU, Liberia, Ghana, Nicaragua,
Costa Rica, and the U.S. In the high-level declaration that will probably come
out of Copenhagen, we know there is going to be one mention of gender. If we
get that at the end of Copenhagen it is a massive win.
(*This story appears in the IPS TerraViva online daily
published for the CoP 15 at Copenhagen.)
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