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Empowerment
The process of gaining control over the self, over ideology and the resources
which determine power. (Srilata Batliwala - "Empowerment of Women in
South Asia, Concepts and Practices")
Source: UNDP/GIPD Gender Mainstreaming Glossary
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Gender
Gender refers to the socially constructed relationship between women and men
and the attributes, behavior and activities each is expected to adhere to.
Gender differences are determined and reinforced by cultural, historical,
ethnic, religious and economic factors.
Gender roles differ over time and between cultures, but may be changed.
Gender is often wrongly conflated with 'sex', which refers to the biological
differences between women and men.
Source: Engendering Statistics: A Tool for Change.
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Gender
analysis
A tool used to identify and understand social relations of production. Gender
analysis focuses on differences in the status and activities of women and
men, including differences in access to and control over power and resources.
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Gender
and development
Adopted in the 1980's, 'gender and development' is an analytical and programmatic
approach that aims to address the underlying causes of gender disparities and
achieve women's empowerment by improving their status relative to men.
The 'gender and development approach' differs significantly from the 'women
in development' approach of the 1970's, which attempted to address women's
needs in isolation, rather than in relation, to men.
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Gender
disaggregated data
Data collected on women and men separately in relation to all aspects of
their functioning - ethnicity, class, caste, age, location.
Source: UNDP/GIPD Gender Mainstreaming Glossary
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Gender
Empowerment Measure (GEM)
Measures the political and economic empowerment of women relative to men by
looking at the number/percent of women in parliament, senior and management
positions as well as women with professional and technical jobs. GEM also
examines the earned income of women in relation to that of men.
GEM is available for only 143 countries. Of the Arab countries, only Egypt is
assigned a GEM.
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Gender
equality
Refers to norms, values, attitudes and perceptions required to attain equal
status between women and men without neutralizing the biological differences
between them.
Source: UNDP/GIPD Gender Mainstreaming Glossary
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Gender
equity
Fairness in women and men's access to socio-economic resources. A condition
in which women and men participate as equals and have equal access to
socio-economic resources.
Example: access to education, depending on whether the child is a boy or a
girl.
Source: UNDP/GIPD Gender Mainstreaming Glossary
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Gender
indicators
Standards used to measure changes in the status and roles of women and men,
particularly progress towards gender equality and equity. Gender
indicators are developed on the basis of gender issues. Indicators are
expressed as numbers, percentages, rates or ratios and can be a single figure
or distribution.
Example: women's annual income from small-scale and micro enterprises
assisted by a project over a five-year period, to show if there has been an
increase in the women's level of income as planned.
Source: UNDP/GIPD Gender Mainstreaming Glossary
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Gender
issue
Gender issue refers to any aspect of women’s and men’s lives and gender
relations, including their access to, and control over, resources and
opportunities. While gender issues differ over time and between cultures, a
common set of gender issues prevail worldwide.
International declaration and conventions have recognized priority gender
issues pertaining to poverty, education and training, health care, violence
and armed conflict, economic activity, power sharing and decision-making as
well as access to and control over natural resources.
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Gender
mainstreaming
An institutional policy and programme strategy that seeks to integrate
women's concerns into all aspects and sectors of activity. Gender
mainstreaming contrasts to 'women-specific' approaches that advocate separate
activities for women.
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Gender
planning
A planning approach based on gender analysis and an awareness that seeks to
include women, on an equal basis with men, as participants and beneficiaries.
Gender planning also attempts to redress gender disparities created or
intensified by socio-cultural factors.
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Gender-related
development index (GDI)
Includes the same basic data as the HDI, but focuses on the differences
between women and men in terms of life expectancy, literacy, primary,
secondary and tertiary enrolment as well as earned income.
GDI is available for only 143 countries.
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Human
development index (HDI)
Measures and ranks a country according to its basic human capabilities. HDI
accounts for three dimensions of human development:
i.
Longevity
- measured by life expectancy;
ii. Knowledge -
measured by a combination of adult literacy (two-thirds weight) and mean
years of schooling (one-third weight);
iii. Standard of living
- measured by purchasing power, based on real GDP per capita adjusted for the
local cost of living (purchasing power parity, or PPP).
HDI
establishes a minimum and a maximum for each dimension and then shows where
each country stands in relation to these scales-expressed as a value between
0 and 1.
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Sex
Refers to the biological differences between men and women, which are
universal, obvious and generally permanent. Sex describes the biological,
physical and genetic composition with which we are born.
Source: UNDP/GIPD Gender Mainstreaming Glossary
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Statistics
Numerical information presented in aggregate forms in tables and graphs.
Gender statistics offer a factual understanding of the situation of women and
men in society and form the basis of national policies and programmes.
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Women in development
A movement originating among liberal feminist development professionals in
the early 1970's which seeks, through institutional change, social policy and
programme measures, to fully integrate women in development processes.
The movement's basic aim has been equity and social justice, and has often
focused on women’s economic role and emphasized the gains of integrating
women into development.
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