WUNRN
AFGHANISTAN & GLOBAL
SAFE EDUCATION FOR ALL - GIRLS
Please see 2 parts of this WUNRN
Release.
UN Special
Rapporteur on the Right to Education Calls for End to Impunity for Attacks
on Educators
15 August 2008
The Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education of the Human Rights Council, Vernor Muñoz Villalobos, released the following statement today in Geneva, on the Taliban attack that killed four aid workers supporting education in Afghanistan: There must be an . In the latest such attack on Wednesday, the Taliban brutally murdered four staff of the International Rescue Committee, working on education projects in Afghanistan.
A Taliban spokesperson declared the movement does not “value” such aid projects and does not believe their victims were working for the progress of the country. The Taliban do not simply fail to value education: they deliberately target it. They strike at Afghan girls in particular – but also boys - who so desperately want and need education, as well as at the dedicated professionals who try to provide it. Their attacks on schools, teachers and others working on education are systematic, not random. They are part of a deliberate attack on human rights, on equality for women and on any attempt by their fellow citizens to control their own destiny.
Jackie Kirk was an Adjunct Professor at McGill University and Technical Adviser to IRC; she played a key role in the Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies. She and her IRC colleagues - Shirley Case, Nicole Dial and Mohammad Aimal - were dedicated human rights workers, trying to ensure that this generation of Afghan children would not be denied an education, like so many of their parents.
In the midst of conflict, education can be both life-sustaining and life-saving. It is the basic right of every girl and every boy, vital for their enjoyment of all other human rights and critical to the future of any society.
Jackie Kirk knew that better than anyone. She was a major contributor to, and inspiration for, the report on the right to education in emergencies that I submitted to the Human Rights Council in June, and for the one the General Assembly will discuss this fall. In these reports, I urge States and the international community to intensify efforts to put an end to the growing pattern of attacks on education and educators that have become common in armed conflicts. Such attacks violate international humanitarian law and international criminal law, and their perpetrators must know that they will not go unpunished.
The murder of Jackie Kirk and her colleagues is a crime, a tragedy and a terrible loss for Afghanistan. Their only sin was to want Afghan children to get the education they and their parents hunger for. Jackie Kirk was a friend, a colleague and a great champion of the right to education. She contributed directly to all my activities as a Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council, and was a central reference for the work of the international community to ensure greater attention to the right to education in emergency situations.
I wish to extend my sincere condolences to the victims’ families, friends and colleagues, as well as to the people of Afghanistan who have already lost so much. Their loss highlights starkly the extreme risks faced by all those promoting the right to education in conflict areas and the urgent need for the international community, and all those involved in this and similar conflicts, to put a stop to such attacks.
The Special Rapporteur is an independent expert appointed by the United
Nations Human Rights Council to help States, and others, promote and protect
the right to education. For further information on the mandate of the Special
Rapporteur and copies of available reports, please consult the website of the
Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.
http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/education/rapporteur/index.htm
______________________________________________________________________
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Subject: Afghanistan - Education for Girls - Serious Security Risks
WUNRN
Afghan
school children wait to enter their class rooms the Qalaai Sayedan School in
Logar where classes resumed this weekend.
Education
in Afghanistan: A Harrowing Choice
QALAI SAYEDAN, Afghanistan: With their teacher absent, 10 students were allowed to leave school early. These were the girls the gunmen saw first, 10 easy targets walking hand-in-hand through the blue metal gate and on to the winding dirt road.
A 13-year-old named Shukria was shot in the arm and the back and teetered into the soft brown of an adjacent wheat field. Zarmina, her 12-year-old sister, ran to her side, listening to the wounded girl's precious breath and trying to help her stand. But Shukria was too heavy to lift and the two gunmen, sitting astride a single motorbike, suddenly sped closer.
As Zarmina scurried away, the men took a more studied aim at those they already had shot, finishing off Shukria with bullets to her stomach and heart. Then the attackers seemed to succumb to the frenzy they had begun, forsaking the motorbike and fleeing on foot in a panic, two bobbing heads - one tucked into a helmet, the other swaddled by a handkerchief - vanishing amid the earthen color of the concealing wheat.
Six girls were shot here on the afternoon of June 12; two of them died.
The Qalai Sayedan School, considered among the best in the central Afghan province of Logar, reopened only last weekend, but even with Kalashnikov-toting guards at the gate only a quarter of the 1,600 students have dared to return. Shootings, beheadings, burnings and bombings: Those are all tools of intimidation used by the Taliban and others to shut down hundreds of schools here. To take aim at education is to make war on the government. Parents find themselves with terrible choices.
"It is better for my children to be alive even if it means they must be illiterate," said Sayed Rasul, a father who decided to keep his two daughters at home.
There has been some progress toward development in Afghanistan, but most often the nation seems astride some pitiable rocking horse, with each lurch forward inevitably reversed by the back spring of harsh reality.
The schools are one vivid example. The Ministry of Education claims that 6.2 million children are now enrolled - or about half the school-aged population. And while statistics in Afghanistan can be unreliably confected, there is no doubt that attendance has multiplied far beyond that of any earlier era, with uniformed children now teeming through the streets each day, flooding classrooms in two and three shifts.
A third of the students are girls, a marvel itself. Historically, girls' education has been undervalued in Afghan culture. Females were forbidden from school altogether during the Taliban rule.
But after 30 years of war, this is a country without normal times to reclaim; in so many ways, Afghanistan must start from scratch. The accelerating demand for education is mocked by the limited supply. More than half the schools have no buildings, the ministry reports; classes are commonly held in tents or beneath trees or in the brutal, sun-soaked openness. Only 20 percent of the teachers are even minimally qualified. Texts are outdated; hundreds of titles need to be written, millions of books need to be printed.
And there is the violence. In the southern provinces where the Taliban are most aggressively combating U.S. and NATO troops, education has virtually come to a halt in large swaths of the contested terrain. In other areas, attacks against schools are sporadic, unpredictable and perplexing. By the ministry's rough count, there have been 444 attacks since August. Some of these were simple thefts. Some were tents put to the torch. Some were audacious murders under the noontime sun.
"By attacking schools, the terrorists want to make the point of their own existence," said Haneef Atmar, the minister of education. "They also want to turn the people against the government by showing that it has not provided for security."
Atmar is the nation's fifth education minister in five and a half years, but only the first to command the solid enthusiasm of international donors. Much of the government is awash in corruption and cronyism. But Atmar came to the job after a praiseworthy showing as the minister of rural redevelopment.
He has laid out an ambitious five-year plan for school construction, teacher training and a modernized curriculum. He is also championing a parallel track of madrassas, or religious schools; students would focus on Islamic studies while also pursuing science, math and the arts. "This society needs faith-based education, and we will be happy to provide it without teaching violence and the abuse of human rights," Atmar said.
To succeed, the minister must be a magnet for foreign cash. And donors have not been unusually generous when it comes to schools. Since the fall of the Taliban, the U.S. Agency for International Development has devoted only 5 percent of its Afghanistan budget to education, compared with 30 percent for roads and 14 percent for power.
Virtually every Afghan school is a sketchbook of extraordinary destitution. "I have 68 girls sitting in this tent," said Nafisa Wardak, a first-grade teacher at the Deh Araban Qaragha School in Kabul. "We're hot. The tent is full of flies. The wind blows sand and garbage everywhere. If a child gets sick, where can I send her?"
The nation's overwhelming need for walled classrooms makes the murders in Qalai Sayedan all the more tragic. The school welcomed boys through grade six and girls through grade 12. It was terribly overcrowded, with the 1,600 students, attending in two shifts, stuffed into 12 classrooms and a corridor.
But the building itself was exactly that - two stories of concrete with a roof of galvanized steel - and not a collection of tents. Two years ago, Qalai Sayedan was named the top school in the province. Its principal, Bibi Gul, was saluted for excellence and rewarded with a trip to America.
But last month's attack on the school caused parents to wonder if the school's stalwart reputation had itself become a source of provocation. Qalai Sayedan is 65 kilometers, or 40 miles, south of Kabul, and while a dozen other schools in Logar have been attacked, none has been as regularly, or malignly, targeted. Three years ago, Qalai Sayedan was struck by rockets during the night. A year ago, explosives tore off a corner of the building.
In the embassies of the West, and even within the Education Ministry in Kabul, the Taliban are commonly discussed as a monolithic adversary. But to the villagers here, with the lives of their children at risk, it is too simplistic to assume the attacks were merely part of some broad campaign of terror. People see the government's enemies as a varied lot with assorted grievances, assorted tribal connections and assorted masters. Has someone at the school provided great offense, villagers ask? Is the school believed to be un-Islamic? At the village mosque, many men blame Bibi Gul, the principal.
"She should not have gone to America without the consultation of the community," said Sayed Abdul Sami, the uncle of Saadia, the other slain student. "And she went to America without a mahram, a male relative to accompany her, and this is considered improper in Islam."
Sayed Enayatullah Hashimi, a white-bearded elder, said the school had too-openly flaunted its success. "The governor paid it a visit," he said disparagingly. "He brought 20 bodyguards and these men went all over the school - even among the older girls."
In addition, education is the fast track to modernity. And modernity is held with suspicion.
Off the main highway, 100 meters up the winding dirt road and through the blue metal gate sits the school. It was built four years ago by the German government.
On Monday, Bibi Gul greeted hundreds of children as they fidgeted in the morning light: "Dear boys and brave girls, thank you for coming. The enemy has done its evil deeds but we will never allow the doors of this school to close again."
These would be among her final moments as their principal. She already had resigned. "My heart is crying," she said privately. "But I must leave because of everything that people say. They say I received letters warning about the attacks. But that isn't so. And people say I am a foreigner because I went to the United States without a mahram. We were 12 people. I'm 42-years-old. I don't need to travel with a mahram."
In the village itself, she wears a burka, enveloped head to toe in lavender fabric. This is a conservative place. For some, the very idea of girls attending school into their teens is a breach of tradition. Shukria, the slain 13-year-old, was considered a polite girl who reverently studied the Koran. Saadia, the other murdered student, was remarkable in that she was married and 25. She had refused to let age discourage her from finishing an education interrupted by the Taliban years. She was about to graduate.
A new sign now sits atop the steel roof. The Qalia Sayedan School has been renamed the Martyred Saadia School. Another place will be called Martyred Shukria.
For three days now, students have been asked to return to class. Each morning, more of them appear. Older females are quite clearly the most reluctant to return.
Shukria's home is only a short walk from the school. Nafiza, the girl's mother, was still too scalded with grief to mutter more than a few words. Shukria's uncle, Shir Agha, took on the role of family spokesman.
"We have a saying that if you go to school, you can find yourself, and if you can find yourself, you can find God," he said proudly. "But for a child to attend school, there must be security. Who supplies that security?"
Zarmina, the 12-year-old who had seen her sister killed, was called into the room.
She was not ready to return to school, she said. Even the sound of a motorbike now made her hide. But surely the fear would subside, her uncle reassured her. She must remember that she loves school, that she loves to read, that she loves to scribble words on paper.
Someday, she would surely resume her studies, he told her.
But the heartbroken girl could not yet imagine this. "Never," she said.
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