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This Model Plan is presented in a table format. The first column indicates
some of the objectives to be achieved. The second column lists some of the
activities, but it is not an exhaustive list. The third column indicates who
some of the actors would be in implementing the activities. The last column
gives a list of possible indicators of achievement; again this is not an
exhaustive list. This last column is very important in order to gauge the
level of success of the activities individually and of the Plan as a whole.
This model Plan does not present an exhaustive list of all parties or
activities. Recognizing that different governmental structures exist around
the world, we have used the word ministry as a rather generic term to include
all government departments and agencies involved directly in the issues
surrounding CSEC. Support and cooperation in all activities are required by
all government agencies, IGOs, NGOs, CBOs and the communities in order to
achieve the full implementation of the Plan and the end of commercial sexual
exploitation of children.
Countries are urged before embarking on the implementation of the Plan to
clarify their policies and existing legal frameworks aimed at combating CSEC
and to identify the causes and factors which lead children, both boys and
girls, to be vulnerable to CSEC. The Plan is useful to all sectors and
stakeholders alike to fully implement laws and regulations against
trafficking, pornography, and sexual abuse of children.
OBJECTIVES
|
TYPES
OF
ACTIVITIES
|
PROBABLE ACTORS
|
INDICATORS OF
ACHIEVEMENT
|
- To identify ongoing
causes of vulnerability and patterns of exploitation among girls and
boys experiencing CSE and gaps in existing legislation, policies and
services that protect children.
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- Conduct research on
causes of vulnerability.
- Conduct research on
incidence and patterns of exploitation.
- Produce, collect and
circulate relevant research reports, statistics and information from
conferences, relevant government agencies, IGOs, NGOs, and CBOs
dealing with CSEC.
- Regular updates on
the situation of CSEC.
- Complete a national
assessment of policies and legislation, which address CSEC.
- Identify gaps in
existing structures, policies and legislation and make proposals to
close them.
- Report to Committee
on Rights of the Child on national implementation of the Convention on
Rights of the Child [CRC] including a section on CSEC in the report.
- Allocate specific
funds and resources in national budget to combat CSEC.
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- Ministries (e.g.
Social Welfare, Justice, Finance)
- Other government
agencies (e.g. Police)
- UN agencies(UNDP,
ILO, UNICEF)
- IGOs (WTO, IOM)
- NGOs and
intersectoral committee to monitor the progress of the action plan
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- Clear identification
of the causes of vulnerability and patterns of CSEC within country.
- Established and
successful resource center on CSEC issues.
- National appraisal
of laws and policies completed.
- Gaps in policies,
structures and legislation identified and strategy to overcome them
developed.
- Enactment of clear
policy guidelines on CSEC.
- Allocation of funds
and resources towards the elimination of CSEC.
- Regular reports to
the Committee on CRC by both government and NGOs with a section on
CSEC.
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- To ensure public,
political, community and official awareness of child abuse and CSEC.
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- Raise awareness
among politicians and community leaders as well as the general public
through information sharing and information campaigns.
- Ensure wide media
coverage on the issue of CSEC.
- Sensitise travellers
on relevant laws including information on extraterritorial
jurisdiction.
- Include awareness
about CSEC and guidelines for prevention and action in tourism and
travel personnel training.
- Provide information
to travellers against child sex tourism.
- Set travel and
tourism industry standards.
- Encourage
non-stigmitisation of victims.
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- Ministries (e.g.
Social Welfare, Tourism, Justice)
- Other government
agencies (e.g. Police)
- Media
- Community leaders
- Political parties
- NGOs
- CBOs
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- Increased levels of
awareness on CSEC issues of the public, politicians, government
officials and the community.
- Active media
coverage of CSEC issues.
- Information and
campaign tools against child sex tourism, e.g. posters, leaflets,
in-flight videos, etc.
- Increased general
awareness among tourists on extraterritorial effect of legislation on
child sex abuse.
- Education component
in tourism schools.
- Codes of Conduct for
travel and tourism industry in place and followed.
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OBJECTIVES
|
TYPES OF
ACTIVITIES
|
PROBABLE
ACTORS
|
INDICATORS OF
ACHIEVEMENT
|
3. To ensure international cooperation and coordination in prosecution
of offenders and protection of children.
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- Pass legislation to
give extraterritorial jurisdiction for sexual offences against and
trafficking of minors.
- Make extradition
treaties for cases relating to child sexual exploitation or
trafficking.
- Make
bilateral/multilateral arrangements with countries from or to which
children are trafficked to prevent trafficking of children and ensure
safe return of trafficked children.
- Provide monitoring
systems to ensure that trafficked children returned to their own homes
and countries are safe.
- Ensure national
police representation on INTERPOL Standing Working Party on Offences
(SWP) Against Minors.
- Nominate a national
INTERPOL focal point for inquiries and reporting.
- Increase
communication and cooperation between prosecutors and police forces in
sending and receiving countries.
- Increase information
shared between countries to close down trafficking routes.
- Train relevant
embassy staff to assist in tracing offenders and missing children and
to provide an adequate information service to prosecuting authorities.
- Ensure mandate of
police liaison officers stationed abroad includes offences against
children.
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- Ministries (e.g.
Foreign Affairs, Justice, Immigration, Customs)
- Other government
agencies (e.g. Police)
- Legislative bodies
- UN agencies (UNDP,
ILO, UNHCHR)
- IGOs (INTERPOL, IOM)
- NGOs
|
- Extraterritorial
legislation against child sexual abuse.
- Policies and international
treaties for extradition of child sex offenders.
- Local,
international/multilateral arrangements for return of trafficked
children to their homes with monitoring provisions.
- Active police
representation on INTERPOL SWP.
- Embassy staff
trained in providing mutual legal assistance.
- Police liaison
officers mandated to deal with CSEC related issues.
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OBJECTIVES
|
TYPES OF
ACTIVITIES
|
PROBABLE
ACTORS
|
INDICATORS OF
ACHIEVEMENT
|
4. Ensure that there are comprehensive laws that cover all aspects of
CSEC.
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- Criminalise all
forms of abusing children through prostitution and trafficking for
sexual purposes, including penalties for exploiters, procurers,
brothel owners and parents who sell their children.
- Criminalise all
aspects of child pornography including pseudo pornography, its
production, distribution and possession.
- Ensure that
legislation reflects the child as a victim and not as a criminal by
making 18 the age of protection against all forms of sexual
exploitation.
- Ensure legislation
protects girls and boys equally.
- Rather than
following the "innocent till proven guilty" concept, require
that an accused, against whom an allegation of child sexual
exploitation is made, justifies their connection to the child.
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- Ministries (e.g.
Justice, Attorney General)
- Legislative bodies
- Bar councils and/or
societies
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- Legislative
enactment criminalising all forms of abuse of children through
prostitution, trafficking of children and child pornography.
- The legal age of
protection against CSEC is 18 for both girls and boys.
- No gender bias in
laws.
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5. Enforcement of laws to protect children from CSEC.
|
- Indicate political
commitment to enforcement of laws.
- Train law
enforcement officials to investigate and charge child sexual abuse
cases while respecting the best interests of the child.
- Create specialized
and properly resourced child protection units in the police to deal
with child victims with proactive powers of investigation and rescue.
- Create specialised
police units for proactive detection and prosecution of makers,
distributors, and possessors of child pornography.
- Prosecute all law
enforcement officials involved in or aiding child sexual exploitation
including the acceptance of bribes.
- Monitor movements
and share information on convicted child sex offenders via INTERPOL or
directly with foreign police and immigration authorities.
- Train passport
control officials and immigration authorities to identify child sex
offenders and take appropriate action.
- Train passport
control officials and immigration authorities to identify children at
risk and take appropriate action.
- Include information
on convictions obtained abroad in record of offender.
- Prosecute
traffickers, their clients and those who assist them.
- Close down
trafficking routes and systems by using information/intelligence
gathered from those who have been exploited.
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- Ministries (e.g.
Justice, Social Welfare, Attorney General, Foreign Affairs,
Immigration)
- Local government
- Other government
agencies (e.g. Judiciary, Police, Customs)
- UN agencies (e.g.
ILO, UNHCHR)
- Bar councils and/or
societies
- Tourism and travel
industry
- IGOs (e.g. INTERPOL,
WTO)
- NGOs
- CBOs
- Legal aid clinics
- Child victims of
trafficking
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- Public statements by
government making clear commitment to enforcement of laws.
- Successful
investigations and increased convictions of child sex abusers and
traffickers.
- Specialized police
units established and functioning.
- Police training
modules developed and used.
- Prosecution of
corrupt officials.
- Inservice training
to passport control officials and immigration.
- Police procedures in
place to monitor movements of convicted offenders.
- Procedures in place
to record foreign as well as national convictions against child sex
offenders.
- Training modules for
officials developed and used.
- Trafficking routes
detected and closed.
- Monitoring system in
place for known trafficking routes.
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OBJECTIVES
|
TYPES OF
ACTIVITIES
|
PROBABLE
ACTORS
|
INDICATORS OF
ACHIEVEMENT
|
6. To ensure that children are not victimised by the legal system.
|
- Educate judicial
personnel, prosecutors and police on laws, policies and attitudes to
combat CSEC.
- Develop child
friendly and culturally sensitive legal procedures, rules of evidence
and prosecution guidelines for prosecuting sexual offences committed
against children.
- Provide legal
assistance, social welfare care and support services for child
victims.
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- Ministries (e.g.
Justice, Social Welfare, Attorney General)
- Local government
- Other government
agencies (e.g. Judiciary, Police)
- Bar councils and/or
societies
- NGOs
- CBOs
- Legal aid clinics
|
- Workshops and
inservice courses attended by judicial personnel, prosecutors and
police on new legislation, attitudes and policies on CSEC.
- Evidential rules to
ease acceptance of evidence by child victims in place and in use.
- Child friendly and
culturally sensitive prosecution guidelines in place and in use.
- Legal aid clinics
providing services to sexually exploited children.
- Accessible social
welfare service points for child victims.
- Provision of
transport, visa and support arrangements for children abused in
another country assisting them to testify.
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OBJECTIVES
|
TYPES OF
ACTIVITIES
|
PROBABLE
ACTORS
|
INDICATORS OF
ACHIEVEMENT
|
7. To reduce factors that make children vulnerable to CSEC.
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- Provide vocational
and life skills training and/or non-formal education for children who
leave the regular school system.
- Provide viable
income generation programs for families of children at risk.
- Promote programs at
grassroots level to tackle poverty and unemployment.
- Provide programmes
to educate children of the dangers of drug and substance abuse.
- Ensure that laws,
policies and practices do not discriminate against children of ethnic
minorities.
- Promote
understanding of special needs of children with functional
disabilities.
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- Ministries (e.g.
Health, Education, Social Welfare, Justice)
- Other government
agencies (e.g. Police, Judiciary)
- UN agencies (e.g. UNICEF)
- NGOs
- CBOs
- Parents/guardians
- Teachers
- Community leaders
- Children
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- Established
vocational training centers.
- Constant use of peer
education programs on the dangers and effects of CSEC.
- Reduction in numbers
of children in the sex trade.
- Reduction of drug
and substance abuse incidences among children of school going age.
- Non-discriminatory
laws, polices and practices in place.
- Awareness of
non-discriminatory issues.
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8. To ensure that children are educated to protect themselves against
CSEC.
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- Provide compulsory
universal free primary education for all children regardless of
nationality or ethnic background.
- Encourage and
promote school enrollment, particularly among groups with low levels
of school attendance.
- Train school staff
on CSEC focusing on prevention and protection.
- Ensure curriculum
content on CRC with focus on articles 34 and 35.
- Provide
after-school, extracurricular and personal development programmes for
children at risk to counter factors that make them vulnerable.
- Provide programmes
on sexual abuse and exploitation for all children appropriate to their
age.
- Encourage teachers
to report suspicions of child sexual abuse.
- Check employees who
work with children for previous sex offences against children and bar
them from working with children.
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- Ministries (e.g.
Education, Finance Youth, Social Welfare, Justice, Employment)
- Curriculum
development authorities
- Teachers
- Parents
- Peer educators
- CBOs
- Police
- Children
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- 100% attendance at
school by all primary school aged children.
- Increase in levels
of educational achievement of children in deprived communities.
- Increased awareness
and participation of teachers on prevention of sexual abuse.
- Curriculum content
on child rights in all primary schools.
- “Stay Safe” programs
in all primary schools.
- Fewer children
vulnerable to exploitation.
- Established system
for reporting and investigating suspected child sex abuse.
- Registry of sex
offenders.
- Legal entitlement
for organisations working with children to check criminal records of
prospective employees.
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OBJECTIVES
|
TYPES OF
ACTIVITIES
|
PROBABLE
ACTORS
|
INDICATORS OF
ACHIEVEMENT
|
9. To prevent computer literate children from being sexually exploited.
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- Develop and promote
an internet use policy for children (e.g. Net Smart rules).
- Provide information
about suitable filtering software for parents and teachers.
- Develop cooperation
strategies between law enforcement agencies and Internet Service
Providers (ISPs) to block, remove, report and prosecute illegal
content.
- Develop codes of
conduct for ISPs
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- Ministries (e.g.
Education, Justice, Interior, Home)
- Other government
agencies (e.g. Attorney General, Judiciary, Police)
- Internet Service
Providers
- Software developers
- NGOs
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- NetSmart rules
widely available.
- Increased use of
filtering software.
- Cooperation
arrangements between ISPs and police in place to block illegal content
- Monitoring of
activities of ISPs
- Strict Code of
Conduct to be followed by ISPs.
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10. To provide health care and sex education for young people.
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- Provide free and
accessible health care for children.
- Train medical
professionals in identifying cases of sexual abuse and reporting it.
- Provide age
appropriate information on sexual relationships, gender sensitivity,
and STD prevention in schools, clinics or through community based
activities.
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- Ministries (e.g.
Health, Social Welfare, Education, Finance)
- Other government
agencies
- UN agencies, (e.g.
UNICEF, WHO)
- NGOs
- CBOs
- Teachers
- Parents/guardians
- Peer educators
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- Infrastructure and
resources in place supporting free health care for children.
- Increased awareness
of sexual abuse among medical professionals.
- System for reporting
abuse in place.
- Improved knowledge
of sexual relationships and risks among young people.
- Reduction of
incidences of STDs among young people.
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OBJECTIVES
|
TYPES OF
ACTIVITIES
|
PROBABLE
ACTORS
|
INDICATORS OF
ACHIEVEMENT
|
11. To encourage community understanding of the rights of the child
especially protection and prevention of CSEC.
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- Conduct community
education programs which promote the rights and importance of
children.
- Educate and mobilize
parents and communities against CSEC in all its relevant forms e.g.
sale of children, child marriage, etc., and discourage sale and trade
of children for financial gain.
- Establish monitoring
systems for children at risk.
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- Ministries (e.g.
Social Welfare, Education, Justice)
- Other government
agencies
- UN agencies, (e.g.
UNICEF)
- NGOs
- CBOs
- Teachers
- Parents/guardians
- Peer educators
- Community leaders
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- Positive change in
values and attitudes among communities where sale of children is
widespread.
- Reduction in child
marriages,
- Reduction of the
incidence of sexually exploited children.
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12. To provide services to rescue and protect children from CSEC.
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- Provide accessible
complaint mechanisms for children to seek assistance e.g. telephone
hotlines, rural focal points, etc.
- Provide mechanism
for public reporting on suspected child abusers e.g. police hotlines,
etc.
- Provide safe
shelters for street children and other children at risk of sexual
exploitation.
- Provide information
to officials, care givers and NGOs working with abused children on the
services available and the location of such services e.g. shelters.
- Train personnel who
work with children in gender sensitivity and child friendly
procedures.
- Develop cooperation
and networking between civil society, NGOs and law enforcement
agencies to identify and rescue children trapped in commercial sex
work.
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- Ministries (e.g.
Health, Social Welfare, Finance)
- Other government
agencies (e.g. Police)
- UN agencies (e.g.
UNICEF)
- NGOs
- CBOs
- Community leaders
- Teachers
- Parents/guardians
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- Accessible complaint
mechanisms developed.
- Police hotline for
reporting suspicious cases in place.
- Infrastructure and
resources in place to provide shelter for children at risk.
- Knowledge of
services available for abused children widespread.
- Component on gender
sensitivity and child friendly procedures in personnel training of
social services.
- Increased incidences
of children rescued from exploitation.
- Regular meetings and
exchanges of information between NGOs and law enforcement agencies.
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OBJECTIVES
|
TYPES OF
ACTIVITIES
|
PROBABLE
ACTORS
|
INDICATORS OF
ACHIEVEMENT
|
13. To enable children who have experienced CSEC to recover and
reintegrate.
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- Provide
psycho-social counseling for child victims and their families.
- Provide alternative
schooling for child victims.
- Educate families and
communities not to stigmatise or blame child victims.
- Establish
alternative income sources for children rescued from CSE and their
families.
- Provide alternative
settlement programs for children who choose not to return home.
- Enable victims to
claim and extract compensation from their exploiters, and arrange for
unbiased supervision of any monies obtained by the victim.
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- Ministries (e.g.
Justice, Social Welfare, Education)
- Other government
agencies (e.g. Police, Judiciary)
- NGOs
- CBOs
- Community leaders
- Child victims
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- Infrastructure and
resources available to support child counseling programs and other
aspects of recovery.
- Special schools component
for child victims.
- Increased awareness
and understanding of factors that make children vulnerable to
exploitation by families and community members.
- Alternative income
sources available.
- Programmes in place
to support children not living at home.
- Legislation in place
to facilitate compensation.
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14. To encourage age appropriate child participation.
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- Identify and
establish support networks of children and young people as advocates
and peer educators of child rights.
- Encourage children
to identify ways to stop CSEC and incorporate their suggestions into
plans and programmes at all levels.
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- Ministries (e.g.
Education, Social Welfare)
- UN agencies (e.g.
UNICEF, UNDP)
- NGOs
- CBOs
- Parents/guardians
- Children
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- Mechanisms for
including young peoples’ views in programs affecting children.
- Peer education
programmes in place.
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Glossary:
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CSE:
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commercial
sexual exploitation
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CSEC:
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commercial
sexual exploitation of children
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CBOs:
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community
based organisations
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CRC:
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United
Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
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IGOs:
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inter-governmental
organisations
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ILO:
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International
Labor Organization
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INTERPOL:
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International
Criminal Police Organization
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IOM:
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International
Organization of Migration
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ISP:
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Internet
Service Provider
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NGOs:
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non-governmental
organisations
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SWP:
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INTERPOL's
Standing Working Party on Offences Against Minors
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UN:
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United
Nations
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UNDP:
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United
Nations Development Program
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UNHCHR:
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United
Nations High Commission for Human Rights
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UNICEF:
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United
Nations International Children's Fund
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WHO:
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World
Health Organization
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WTO:
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World
Tourism Organization
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