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ATTACHED IS THE REPORT OF THE 2007
MISSION TO BOLIVIA OF THE UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON THE RIGHT TO FOOD, JEAN
ZIEGLER
Gender Issue Examples from the
Special Rapporteur on Food
Mission to Bolivia Report to the
United Nations
25.
.............................................................................................................................
6. Chronic malnutrition affects more than
one in four Bolivian children. The highest levels of malnutrition are amongst
Bolivians living in rural areas, especially in the high plains of the altiplano
regions of
7. Malnutrition levels are much higher
amongst the poorest families.[1][1]
Children in the poorest households have levels of malnutrition six times that
of children born into the richest 20 per cent of households.[2][2]
Families of indigenous Quechua, Aymara, Guaraní and other peoples are far more
affected by chronic malnutrition (28 per cent) than non-indigenous children (16
per cent).[3][3]
Many of
8. Although
As a result of changing trade patterns, many have become dependent on cheap,
low quality imported noodles, rather than nutritionally rich Bolivian staples
such as quinoa (a highly nutritious indigenous grain). Extreme poverty is
concentrated amongst indigenous communities (49 per cent), rather than
non-indigenous people (24 per cent) and poverty levels are much higher in rural
areas. The poorest are mostly subsistence farmers who struggle to survive on
small plots of land or as agricultural labourers on pitiful wages. However,
there are also high levels of urban poverty, as rapidly increasing rural-urban
migration over the last 30 years has pushed millions into the cities,
especially to El Alto.
16. Millions
of Bolivians continue to lack access to safe drinking water, as well as water
for subsistence agriculture. The situation is particularly severe in rural
areas, where up to 43 per cent of the population has no access to safe drinking
water and 75 per cent have no sanitation,[7][1]
the vast majority of whom are indigenous peoples.[8][2]
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[1][1] See United Nations and Ministry of Health National Council for Food and
Nutrition (CONAN), Support to the implementation of the national Zero
Malnutrition Programme (2007).
[2][2]
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Objectivos de Desarollo
del Milenio: La Paz (2007).
[3][3]
Unidad de Análisis de Políticas Sociales y Económicas (UDAPE), Naciones
Unidas, Organización Internacional del Trabajo, Pueblos Indígenas Orginarios y Objectivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (2006).
[4][4]
3177394-1168615404141/BoliviaCSAVolumeTwo18jul06.pdf.
[5][5] UDAPE et al., 2006, see footnote 3 above.
[6][6] The poverty
line for extreme poverty is calculated according to ability to access the canasta
basica or basic food basket of the minimum daily requirement of calories.
..............................................................................................................................
[7][1] Unidad de Análisis de Políticas Sociales y Económicas (UDAPE),
Naciones Unidas, Organización Internacional del Trabajo, Pueblos Indígenas Orginarios y Objectivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (2006). UDAPE, et al., 2006.
[8][2] Unidad de Análisis de Políticas Sociales y Económicas (UDAPE),
Naciones Unidas, Organización Internacional del Trabajo, Pueblos Indígenas Orginarios y Objectivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (2006).