There are various
Hadiths in which Sahabah-e-Karaam (RadiAllah Taala Anhah) have narrated that
Mut'a (temporary marriage) was allowed in early period of Islam but later it was
completely forbidden and made unlawful forever till the Day of Resurrection
(Qayamah) by Prophet Mohammad (SalAllaho Alaihi Wasallam). Whoever practices
Mut'a even after knowing its prohibition, is committing Zina because it is
unlawful now.
Let's have a look over
the Hadiths as when and why Mut'a was allowed in early days of Islam and Quranic
references about lawful marriage.
MUT'A WAS
HALAL ONLY IN EARLY PERIODS OF ISLAM
- Narrated Abu Jamra:
I heard Ibn Abbas (giving a verdict) when he was asked about the mut'a with
the women, and he permitted it (Nikah-al-mut'a). On that a freed slave of his
said to him, "That is only when it is very badly needed and women are scarce."
On that, Ibn 'Abbas said, "Yes." Sahi Bukhari (Book #62, Hadith
#51)
Comments:
Mut'a was allowed only when it was very badly needed by men and they
were out of their homes for long periods and sex became uncontrollable for them
and the women were scarce. All conditions were fulfilled at the same
time.
If the above condition
was not fulfilled then Mut'a was not justified even in that period. For example
if women are abundant then men should marry them permanently. The permission of
Mut'a is just like the permission of drinking wine or eating swine's flesh
because wine and pork are also allowed when there is matter of life and death
but only upto the extent which can save one's life, as Allah does not like
transgressors (breakers of rules).
- Abdullah (b.
Mas'ud) reported: We were on an expedition with Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho
Alaihi Wasallam) and we had no women with us. We said: Should we not have
ourselves castrated? He (Prophet Mohammad) forbade us to do so He then granted
us permission that we should contract temporary marriage for a stipulated
period giving her a garment, and 'Abdullah then recited this verse: 'Those who
believe do not make unlawful the good things which Allah has made lawful for
you, and do not transgress. Allah does not like transgressors" (al-Qur'an, v.
87). Sahi Muslim (Book #008, Hadith #3243)
- Abu Dharr (Allah be
pleased with him) said: Two are the Mut'as which were not permissible but only
for us, i.e. temporary marriage with women and Tamattu' in Hajj. Sahi Muslim
(Book #007, Hadith #2819)
Comments: In the above Hadith, Hazrat Abu Dharr
(RadiAllah Taala Anhah) is clearing the permission of Mut'a that it was granted
to certain group of Sahabah (RadiAllah Taala Anhah) only. This order was not for
everyone. This was because of the reason mentioned above.
- Narrated 'Abdullah:
Nafi narrated to me that 'Abdullah said that Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) forbade the Shighar. I asked Nafi', "What is the
Shighar?" He said, "It is to marry the daughter of a man and marry one's
daughter to that man (at the same time) without Mahr (in both cases); or to
marry the sister of a man and marry one's own sister to that man without
Mahr." Some people said, "If one, by a trick, marries on the basis of Shighar,
the marriage is valid but its condition is illegal." The same scholar said
regarding Al-mut'a, "The marriage is invalid and its condition is illegal."
Some others said, "The mut'a and the Shighar are permissible but the condition
is illegal." Sahi Bukhari (Book #86, Hadith #90)
- Jabir b. 'Abdullah
and Salama b. al-Akwa' said: There came to us the proclaimer of Prophet
Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) and said: Allah's Messenger (SallAllaho
Alaihi Wasallam) has granted you permission to benefit yourselves, i.e. to
contract temporary marriage with women. Sahi Muslim (Book #008, Hadith
#3246)
- Salama b. al. Akwa'
and Jabir b. Abdullah reported: Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam)
came to us and permitted us to contract temporary marriage. Sahi Muslim (Book
#008, Hadith #3247)
- Narrated Jabir ibn
Abdullah: Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) said: If anyone gives
as a dower to his wife two handfuls of flour or dates he has made her lawful
for him. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been narrated by AbdurRahman ibn
Mahdi, from Salih ibn Ruman, from AbuzZubayr on the authority of Jabir as his
own statement (not going back to the Prophet). It has also been transmitted by
AbuAsim from Salih ibn Ruman, from AbuzZubayr on the authority of Jabir who
said: During the lifetime of the Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi
Wasallam) we used to contract temporary marriage for a handful of grain. Abu
Dawud (Book #11, Hadith #2105)
PROHIBITION OF
MUT'A OR WHEN MUT'A WAS MADE UNLAWFUL
- Sabra al-Juhanni
reported on the authority of his father that while he was with Prophet
Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) he said: 0 people, I had permitted you
to contract temporary marriage with women, but Allah has forbidden it (now)
until the Day of Resurrection. So he who has any (woman with this type of
marriage contract) he should let her off, and do not take back anything you
have given to them (as dower). Sahi Muslim (Book #008, Hadith
#3255)
Comments: Temporary marriage (Mut'a) was made forbidden
until the Day of Resurrection (Qayamah).
- Narrated 'Ali bin
Abi Talib (KaramAllah Wajhah): On the day of Khaibar, Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) forbade the Mut'a (i.e. temporary marriage) and
the eating of donkey-meat. Sahi Bukhari (Book #59, Hadith #527)
- Narrated 'Ali: I
said to Ibn 'Abbas, "During the battle of Khaibar Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho
Alaihi Wasallam) forbade (Nikah) Al-mut'a and the eating of donkey's meat."
Sahi Bukhari (Book #62, Hadith #50)
- 'Ali bin Abi Talib
(KaramAllah Wajhah) reported that Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi
Wasallam) prohibited on the Day of Khaibar the contracting of temporary
marriage with women and the eating of the flesh of domestic asses. Sahi Muslim
(Book #008, Hadith #3263)
- Muhammad b. 'Ali
narrated on the authority of his father 'Ali that Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho
Alaihi Wasallam) on the Day of Khaibar prohibited for ever the contracting of
temporary marriage and eating of the flesh of the domestic asses. Sahi Muslim
(Book #008, Hadith #3265)
- Malik narrated this
Hadith on the authority of the same chain of trans- witters that 'Ali bin Abil
Talib said to a person: You are a person led astray; Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) forbade us (to do mut'a), as is stated In the
Hadith transmitted on the authority of Yahya b. Malik. Sahi Muslim (Book #008,
Hadith #3264)
- 'Ali (Allah be
pleased with him) heard that Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) gave some
relaxation in connection with the contracting of temporary marriage, whereupon
he said: Don't be hasty (in your religious verdict), Ibn 'Abbas, for Prophet
Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) on the Day of Khaibar prohibited for
ever the doing of it-And eating of the flesh of domestic asses. Sahi Muslim
(Book #008, Hadith #3266)
Comments: The words of Hazrat Ali (KaramAllah Wajhah)
should be noted that he said Mut'a was prohibited forever by Prophet Mohammad
(sallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam).
- Narrated Jabir bin
'Abdullah and Salama bin Al-Akwa': While we were in an army, Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) came to us and said, "You have been allowed to do
the mut'a (marriage), so do it." Salama bin Al-Akwa' said: Allah's Apostle's
said, "If a man and a woman agree (to marry temporarily), their marriage
should last for three nights, and if they like to continue, they can do so;
and if they want to separate, they can do so." I do not know whether that was
only for us or for all the people in general. Abu Abdullah (Al-Bukhari) said:
'Ali made it clear that the Prophet said, "The mut'a marriage has been
cancelled (made unlawful)." Sahi Bukhari (Book #62, Hadith #52)
- Yahya related to me
from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Urwa ibn az-Zubayr that Khawla ibn Hakim came
to Umar ibn al-Khattaab and said, ''Rabia ibn Umayya made a temporary marriage
with a woman and she is pregnant by him.'' Umar ibn al-Khattaab went out in
dismay dragging his cloak, saying, "This temporary marriage, had I come across
it, I would have ordered stoning and done away with it!" Muwatta (Book #28,
Hadith #28.18.42)
- Yahya related to me
from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Abdullah and Hassan, the sons of Muhammad ibn
Ali ibn Abi Talib (KaramAllah Wajhah) from their father, may Allah be pleased
with him, that the Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) and
grant him peace, forbade temporary marriage with women and the flesh of
domestic donkeys on the Day of Khaybar. Muwatta (Book #28, Hadith
#28.18.41)
- 'Urwa b. Zabair
reported that 'Abdullah b. Zubair (RadiAllah Taal Anhah) stood up (and
delivered an address) in Makkah saying: Allah has made blind the hearts of
some people as He has deprived them of eyesight that they give religious
verdict in favour of temporary marriage, while he was alluding to a person
(Ibn 'Abbas). Ibn Abbas called him and said: You are an uncouth person, devoid
of sense. By my life, mut'a was practised during the lifetime of the leader of
the pious (he meant Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam), and
Ibn Zubair said to him: just do it yourselves, and by Allah, if you do that I
will stone you with your stones. Ibn Shihab said. Khalid b. Muhajir b.
Saifullah informed me: While I was sitting in the company of a person, a
person came to him and he asked for a religious verdict about mut'a and he
permitted him to do it. Ibn Abu 'Amrah al-Ansari (Allah be pleased with him)
said to him: Be gentle. It was permitted in- the early days of Islam, (for
one) who was driven to it under the stress of necessity just as (the eating
of) carrion and the blood and flesh of swine and then Allah intensified (the
commands of) His religion and prohibited it (altogether). Ibn Shihab reported:
Rabi' b. Sabra told me that his father (Sabra) said: I contracted temporary
marriage with a woman of Banu 'Amir for two cloaks during the lifetime
of Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam); then he forbade us to
do mut'a. Ibn Shihab said: I heard Rabi' b. Sabra narrating it to Umar b. 'Abd
al-'Aziz and I was sitting there. Sahi Muslim (Book #008, Hadith
#3261)
- Abd Nadra reported:
While I was in the company of Jibir, a person came and said: There is
difference of opinion among Ibn Abbas and Ibn Zubair about two mut'as
(benefits, Tamattul in Hajj and temporary marriage with women), whereupon
Jibir said: We have been doing this during the lifetime of Prophet
Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam), and then 'Umar forbade us to do so, and
we never resorted to them. Sahi Muslim (Book #007, Hadith #2874)
- Ghunaim b. Qais
said: I asked Sa'd b. Abu Waqqas (Allah be pleased with him) about mut'a,
whereupon he said: We did that, and it was the day when he was an unbeliever
living in (one of the) houses of Makkah. Sahi Muslim (Book #007, Hadith
#2821)
Comments:
Mut'a was performed by a Sahabah when he did not accept Islam, when he
was an unbeliever.
- Narrated Saburah
ibn Ma'bad al-Juhani: Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam)
prohibited temporary marriage with women. Abu Dawud (Book #11, Hadith
#2068)
- Sabra Juhanni
reported: Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) permitted
temporary marriage for us. So I and another person went out and saw a woman of
Bana 'Amir, who was like a young long-necked she-camel. We presented ourselves
to her (for contracting temporary marriage), whereupon she said: What dower
would you give me? I said: My cloak. And my companion also said: My cloak. And
the cloak of-my companion was superior to my cloak, but I was younger than he.
So when she looked at the cloak of my companion she liked it, and when she
cast a glance at me I looked more attractive to her. She then said: Well, you
and your cloak are sufficient for me. I remained with her for three nights,
and then Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) said: He who has
any such woman with whom he had contracted temporary marriage, he should let
her off. Sahi Bukhari (Book #008, Hadith #3252)
- Rabi' b. Sabra
reported on the authority of his father that Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) prohibited the contracting of temporary marriage.
Sahi Muslim (Book #008, Hadith #3259)
- Rabi' b. Sabra
reported that his father went on an expedition with Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) during the Victory of Makkah, and we stayed there
for fifteen days (i. e. for thirteen full days and a day and a night), and
Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) permitted us to contract
temporary marriage with women. So I and another person of my tribe went out,
and I was more handsome than he, whereas he was almost ugly. Each one of us
had a cloaks, My cloak was worn out, whereas the cloak of my cousin was quite
new. As we reached the lower or the upper side of Makkah, we came across a
young woman like a young smart long-necked she-camel. We said: Is it possible
that one of us may contract temporary marriage with you? She said: What will
you give me as a dower? Each one of us spread his cloak. She began to cast a
glance on both the persons. My companion also looked at her when she was
casting a glance at her side and he said: This cloak of his is worn out,
whereas my cloak is quite new. She, however, said twice or thrice: There is no
harm in (accepting) this cloak (the old one). So I contracted temporary
marriage with her, and I did not come out (of this) until Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) declared it forbidden. Sahi Muslim (Book #008,
Hadith #3253)
- 'Abd al-Malik b.
Rabi' b. Sabraal-Juhanni reported on the authority of his father who narrated
it on the authority of his father (i e. 'Abd al-Malik's grandfather, Sabura
al-juhanni): Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) permitted us to
contract temporary marriage in the Year of Victory, as we entered Mecce, and
we did come out of it but he forbade us to do it. Sahi Muslim (Book #008,
Hadith #3257)
- Rabi' b. Sabra
reported on the authority of his father that Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho
Alaihi Wasallam) forbade on the Day of Victory to contract temporary marriage
with women. This Hadith has been narrated on the authority of Rabi' b. Sabra
that Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) forbade to contract
temporary marriage with women at the time of Victory, and that his father had
contracted the marriage for two red cloaks. Sahi Muslim (Book #008, Hadith
#3260)
- Iyas b. Salama
reported on the authority of his father that Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho
Alaihi Wasallam) gave sanction for contracting temporary marriage for three
nights in the year of Autas 1847 and then forbade it. Sahi Muslim (Book #008,
Hadith #3251)
THE OFFER
& ACCEPTANCE OF NIKAH SHOULD BE OF PERMANENT NATURE AND NOT
TEMPORARY
All forms of temporary marriages are forbidden in
Islam. If anything stated in the offer and acceptance of Nikah indicates a
temporary nature, the marriage is not valid.
Allah has commanded us
to do lawful and honorable marriage. If Mut'a would be lawful and honorable then
Allah Almighty would never use the words 'honorable marrying'. If every marriage
would be lawful then Allah would simple say 'marriage'. The reason of commanding
us for lawful marriage is to differ lawful marriage from unlawful marriage i.e.
Mut'a. Permanent marriage is one of the Sunnahs of Prophet Mohammad (SalAllaho
Alaihi Wasallam) like other of his Sunnahs. Other Sunnahs and worships are never
distinguished for being lawful or unlawful but because temporary marriage
(Mut'a) was made unlawful later, that is why it was differed from lawful and
honorable marriage.
Quran:
- And his people came
rushing towards him, and since aforetime they used to commit crimes (sodomy,
etc.), he said: "O my people! Here are my daughters (i.e. the daughters of my
nation), they are purer for you (if you marry them lawfully). So fear Allah
and degrade me not as regards my guests! Is there not among you a single
right-minded man?" (Chapter #11, Verse #78)
- There is no blame
on you if ye make an offer of betrothal or hold it in your hearts. Allah knows
that ye cherish them in your hearts: But do not make a secret contract with
them except in terms Honorable, nor resolve on the tie of marriage till the
term prescribed is fulfilled. And know that Allah Knoweth what is in your
hearts, and take heed of Him; and know that Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most
Forbearing. (Chapter #2, Verse #235)
- And those of you
who die and leave behind wives should bequeath for their wives a years
maintenance and residence without turning them out, but if they (wives) leave,
there is no sin on you for that which they do of themselves, provided it is
honorable (e.g. lawful marriage). And Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise. (The
order of this Verse has been cancelled (abrogated) by Verse 4:12).
(Chapter #2, Verse #240)
- Let those who find
not the wherewithal for marriage keep themselves chaste, until Allah gives
them means out of His grace. And if any of your slaves ask for a deed in
writing (to enable them to earn their freedom for a certain sum), give them
such a deed if ye know any good in them: yea, give them something yourselves
out of the means which Allah has given to you. But force not your maids to
prostitution when they desire chastity, in order that ye may make a gain in
the goods of this life. But if anyone compels them, yet, after such
compulsion, is Allah, Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful (to them), (Chapter #24,
Verse #33)
HADITH
REJECTORS:
There is a vast
community of people who are Hadith rejecters. They claim to be Muslims but
actually they are not. They are Hypocrites who find their convenience and luxury
before the commands of Allah. Whoever will reject the saying of Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) will go to Hell. Quran orders all of us to believe
in the sayings of Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam).
- Quran
So take what the Messenger assigns to you,
and deny yourselves that which he withholds from you. And fear Allah. for
Allah is strict in Punishment. (Chapter #59, Verse #7)
- O ye who believe!
When ye hold secret counsel, do it not for iniquity and hostility, and
disobedience to the prophet; but do it for righteousness and self- restraint;
and fear Allah, to Whom ye shall be brought back. (Chapter #58, Verse
#9)
Quran directs us to
act upon what Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) has told us to do
and refrain from what he stops us. We must obey him. Quran has given the tidings
of punishment for those who disobey the Prophet.
One should be ready
for the Hell fire if he/she thinks that the closest companions
(Sahabah-e-Karaam) of the Prophet have told a lie for the sayings of Prophet
Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam)? You and I are common Muslims much worried
about Hell and Heaven that is why many brothers and sisters asked me to write
about Mut'a because no one wants to get involved in a Haram thing. Then how can
you imagine that Sahabah-e-Karaam (RadiAllah Taala Anhah) told a lie for the
Prophet.
- Narrated 'Ali:
The Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) said, "Do not tell a
lie against me for whoever tells a lie against me (intentionally) then he will
surely enter the hell-fire." Sahi Bukhari (Book #3, Hadith
#106)
The above Hadith is
narrated By Hazrat Ali (KaramAllah Wajhah), do you think Ahl-e-Bayt have lied
for Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam)? If you think like this then
be prepared for burning in blazing fire of Hell.
SHIA SECT OF
MUSLIMS PRACTISE MUT'A AND CURSE SAHABAH-E-KARAM (RadiAllah Taala
Anhah)
I am not going in unrelated discussions of Shia and Sunni
but I will emphasize the readers to note that Shia community curse
Sahabah-e-Karaam (RadiAllah Taala Anhah) especially Hazrat Umar (RadiAllah Taala
Anhah), Hazrat Abu Bakr (RadiAllah Taala Anhah) and Hazrat Usman (RadiAllah
Taala Anhah) but they forget that Hazrat Ali (KaramAllah Wajhah) had 3 sons
naming in the names of Abu Bakr, Umer & Usman. No one keeps the names of
one's children in the names of enemies.
HAZRAT ALI
(KaramAllah Wajhah) & HAZRAT UMER (RadiAllah Taala
Anhah):
There is a very noticeable point which should be noted
in the above Hadiths, about the narrators of prohibition of Mut'a. Most of the
Hadiths have been narrated by Hazrat Ali bin Abi Talib (Karam Allah Wajhah) and
a few have been indirectly narrated by Hazrat Umer (RadiAllah Taala Anhah). It
is now your conscience that you believe it or not. It is the duty of every
Muslim not to conceal the truth.
Mut'a and eating
donkey's meat were prohibited since the first Day of the battle of Khaibar till
forever. Most of the Hadiths regarding the prohibition of Mut'a are narrated by
Hazrat Ali (KaramAllah Wajhah) and many Hadiths have been narrated by other
trustworthy Sahabah (RadiAllah Taala Anhah) that is why all of these Hadiths are
considered to be strong.
ADVICE FOR
THOSE WHO ARE ENGAGED IN MUT'A
If any person badly needs a
woman, then he should marry her in an honorable way stated in Shariah. It is not
necessary that you incur useless and too many expenses on celebration of your
wedding but you can perform Nikah in the presence of 2 non-discredited witnesses
ans set Mehr which is easily payable by you.
I sent articles about
the consent of woman and his family. A virgin woman must seek the consent of her
guardian (wali), though a matron may marry without the permission of her
guardian (wali). Matron is a lady who has been married once and now she is
either widow or divorcee; her second marriage is possible without the consent of
her guardian (wali).
It has become a
tradition to spent millions of money and too much wealth on wedding. But if you
seek guidance in the light of Shriah and if you badly need a life partner then
perform Nikah with simplicity but Nikah is must with the intention of permanent
marriage.
Poverty should not
become the hurdle to get married. Allah encourages the Muslims to marry even if
they are poor, as He has promised that he will shower His Grace and shall
provide the means of living to them.
- Quran
Marry those among you who are single, or the
virtuous ones among yourselves, male or female: if they are in poverty, Allah
will give them means out of His grace: for Allah encompasseth all, and he
knoweth all things. (Chapter #24, Verse #32)
Those people who
cannot marry because of any reason, they should fast to keep their chaste
because fasting reduces sexual desires but should not commit Zina
(Mut'a).
- Narrated 'Alqama:
While I was walking with 'Abdullah he said, "We were in the company of the
Prophet and he said, 'He who can afford to marry should marry, because it will
help him refrain from looking at other women, and save his private parts from
looking at other women, and save his private parts from committing illegal
sexual relation; and he who cannot afford to marry is advised to fast, as
fasting will diminish his sexual power." (Book #31, Hadith
#129)
CONCLUSION:
Temporary marriage, Mut'a or any other
name may it be, is Haram till the Day of Resurrection.
Author: Syeda Muneeba
Masood
MUT'A: A temporary marriage. This was permitted in the
early period of Islamic history, when the first Muslims were away from their
homes for extensive periods of time; but was abrogated by the Holy Prophet
Muhammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) himself, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, at Khaibar as is related by Ali ibn Abi Talib (KaramAllah Wajhah). [Sahi
Muslim and Sahi Bukhari].
There are various
Hadiths in which Sahabah-e-Karaam (RadiAllah Taala Anhah) have narrated that
Mut'a (temporary marriage) was allowed in early period of Islam but later it was
completely forbidden and made unlawful forever till the Day of Resurrection
(Qayamah) by Prophet Mohammad (SalAllaho Alaihi Wasallam). Whoever practices
Mut'a even after knowing its prohibition, is committing Zina because it is
unlawful now.
Let's have a look over
the Hadiths as when and why Mut'a was allowed in early days of Islam and Quranic
references about lawful marriage.
MUT'A WAS
HALAL ONLY IN EARLY PERIODS OF ISLAM
- Narrated Abu Jamra:
I heard Ibn Abbas (giving a verdict) when he was asked about the mut'a with
the women, and he permitted it (Nikah-al-mut'a). On that a freed slave of his
said to him, "That is only when it is very badly needed and women are scarce."
On that, Ibn 'Abbas said, "Yes." Sahi Bukhari (Book #62, Hadith
#51)
Comments:
Mut'a was allowed only when it was very badly needed by men and they
were out of their homes for long periods and sex became uncontrollable for them
and the women were scarce. All conditions were fulfilled at the same
time.
If the above condition
was not fulfilled then Mut'a was not justified even in that period. For example
if women are abundant then men should marry them permanently. The permission of
Mut'a is just like the permission of drinking wine or eating swine's flesh
because wine and pork are also allowed when there is matter of life and death
but only upto the extent which can save one's life, as Allah does not like
transgressors (breakers of rules).
- Abdullah (b.
Mas'ud) reported: We were on an expedition with Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho
Alaihi Wasallam) and we had no women with us. We said: Should we not have
ourselves castrated? He (Prophet Mohammad) forbade us to do so He then granted
us permission that we should contract temporary marriage for a stipulated
period giving her a garment, and 'Abdullah then recited this verse: 'Those who
believe do not make unlawful the good things which Allah has made lawful for
you, and do not transgress. Allah does not like transgressors" (al-Qur'an, v.
87). Sahi Muslim (Book #008, Hadith #3243)
- Abu Dharr (Allah be
pleased with him) said: Two are the Mut'as which were not permissible but only
for us, i.e. temporary marriage with women and Tamattu' in Hajj. Sahi Muslim
(Book #007, Hadith #2819)
Comments: In the above Hadith, Hazrat Abu Dharr
(RadiAllah Taala Anhah) is clearing the permission of Mut'a that it was granted
to certain group of Sahabah (RadiAllah Taala Anhah) only. This order was not for
everyone. This was because of the reason mentioned above.
- Narrated 'Abdullah:
Nafi narrated to me that 'Abdullah said that Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) forbade the Shighar. I asked Nafi', "What is the
Shighar?" He said, "It is to marry the daughter of a man and marry one's
daughter to that man (at the same time) without Mahr (in both cases); or to
marry the sister of a man and marry one's own sister to that man without
Mahr." Some people said, "If one, by a trick, marries on the basis of Shighar,
the marriage is valid but its condition is illegal." The same scholar said
regarding Al-mut'a, "The marriage is invalid and its condition is illegal."
Some others said, "The mut'a and the Shighar are permissible but the condition
is illegal." Sahi Bukhari (Book #86, Hadith #90)
- Jabir b. 'Abdullah
and Salama b. al-Akwa' said: There came to us the proclaimer of Prophet
Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) and said: Allah's Messenger (SallAllaho
Alaihi Wasallam) has granted you permission to benefit yourselves, i.e. to
contract temporary marriage with women. Sahi Muslim (Book #008, Hadith
#3246)
- Salama b. al. Akwa'
and Jabir b. Abdullah reported: Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam)
came to us and permitted us to contract temporary marriage. Sahi Muslim (Book
#008, Hadith #3247)
- Narrated Jabir ibn
Abdullah: Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) said: If anyone gives
as a dower to his wife two handfuls of flour or dates he has made her lawful
for him. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been narrated by AbdurRahman ibn
Mahdi, from Salih ibn Ruman, from AbuzZubayr on the authority of Jabir as his
own statement (not going back to the Prophet). It has also been transmitted by
AbuAsim from Salih ibn Ruman, from AbuzZubayr on the authority of Jabir who
said: During the lifetime of the Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi
Wasallam) we used to contract temporary marriage for a handful of grain. Abu
Dawud (Book #11, Hadith #2105)
PROHIBITION OF
MUT'A OR WHEN MUT'A WAS MADE UNLAWFUL
- Sabra al-Juhanni
reported on the authority of his father that while he was with Prophet
Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) he said: 0 people, I had permitted you
to contract temporary marriage with women, but Allah has forbidden it (now)
until the Day of Resurrection. So he who has any (woman with this type of
marriage contract) he should let her off, and do not take back anything you
have given to them (as dower). Sahi Muslim (Book #008, Hadith
#3255)
Comments: Temporary marriage (Mut'a) was made forbidden
until the Day of Resurrection (Qayamah).
- Narrated 'Ali bin
Abi Talib (KaramAllah Wajhah): On the day of Khaibar, Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) forbade the Mut'a (i.e. temporary marriage) and
the eating of donkey-meat. Sahi Bukhari (Book #59, Hadith #527)
- Narrated 'Ali: I
said to Ibn 'Abbas, "During the battle of Khaibar Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho
Alaihi Wasallam) forbade (Nikah) Al-mut'a and the eating of donkey's meat."
Sahi Bukhari (Book #62, Hadith #50)
- 'Ali bin Abi Talib
(KaramAllah Wajhah) reported that Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi
Wasallam) prohibited on the Day of Khaibar the contracting of temporary
marriage with women and the eating of the flesh of domestic asses. Sahi Muslim
(Book #008, Hadith #3263)
- Muhammad b. 'Ali
narrated on the authority of his father 'Ali that Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho
Alaihi Wasallam) on the Day of Khaibar prohibited for ever the contracting of
temporary marriage and eating of the flesh of the domestic asses. Sahi Muslim
(Book #008, Hadith #3265)
- Malik narrated this
Hadith on the authority of the same chain of trans- witters that 'Ali bin Abil
Talib said to a person: You are a person led astray; Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) forbade us (to do mut'a), as is stated In the
Hadith transmitted on the authority of Yahya b. Malik. Sahi Muslim (Book #008,
Hadith #3264)
- 'Ali (Allah be
pleased with him) heard that Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) gave some
relaxation in connection with the contracting of temporary marriage, whereupon
he said: Don't be hasty (in your religious verdict), Ibn 'Abbas, for Prophet
Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) on the Day of Khaibar prohibited for
ever the doing of it-And eating of the flesh of domestic asses. Sahi Muslim
(Book #008, Hadith #3266)
Comments: The words of Hazrat Ali (KaramAllah Wajhah)
should be noted that he said Mut'a was prohibited forever by Prophet Mohammad
(sallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam).
- Narrated Jabir bin
'Abdullah and Salama bin Al-Akwa': While we were in an army, Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) came to us and said, "You have been allowed to do
the mut'a (marriage), so do it." Salama bin Al-Akwa' said: Allah's Apostle's
said, "If a man and a woman agree (to marry temporarily), their marriage
should last for three nights, and if they like to continue, they can do so;
and if they want to separate, they can do so." I do not know whether that was
only for us or for all the people in general. Abu Abdullah (Al-Bukhari) said:
'Ali made it clear that the Prophet said, "The mut'a marriage has been
cancelled (made unlawful)." Sahi Bukhari (Book #62, Hadith #52)
- Yahya related to me
from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Urwa ibn az-Zubayr that Khawla ibn Hakim came
to Umar ibn al-Khattaab and said, ''Rabia ibn Umayya made a temporary marriage
with a woman and she is pregnant by him.'' Umar ibn al-Khattaab went out in
dismay dragging his cloak, saying, "This temporary marriage, had I come across
it, I would have ordered stoning and done away with it!" Muwatta (Book #28,
Hadith #28.18.42)
- Yahya related to me
from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Abdullah and Hassan, the sons of Muhammad ibn
Ali ibn Abi Talib (KaramAllah Wajhah) from their father, may Allah be pleased
with him, that the Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) and
grant him peace, forbade temporary marriage with women and the flesh of
domestic donkeys on the Day of Khaybar. Muwatta (Book #28, Hadith
#28.18.41)
- 'Urwa b. Zabair
reported that 'Abdullah b. Zubair (RadiAllah Taal Anhah) stood up (and
delivered an address) in Makkah saying: Allah has made blind the hearts of
some people as He has deprived them of eyesight that they give religious
verdict in favour of temporary marriage, while he was alluding to a person
(Ibn 'Abbas). Ibn Abbas called him and said: You are an uncouth person, devoid
of sense. By my life, mut'a was practised during the lifetime of the leader of
the pious (he meant Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam), and
Ibn Zubair said to him: just do it yourselves, and by Allah, if you do that I
will stone you with your stones. Ibn Shihab said. Khalid b. Muhajir b.
Saifullah informed me: While I was sitting in the company of a person, a
person came to him and he asked for a religious verdict about mut'a and he
permitted him to do it. Ibn Abu 'Amrah al-Ansari (Allah be pleased with him)
said to him: Be gentle. It was permitted in- the early days of Islam, (for
one) who was driven to it under the stress of necessity just as (the eating
of) carrion and the blood and flesh of swine and then Allah intensified (the
commands of) His religion and prohibited it (altogether). Ibn Shihab reported:
Rabi' b. Sabra told me that his father (Sabra) said: I contracted temporary
marriage with a woman of Banu 'Amir for two cloaks during the lifetime
of Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam); then he forbade us to
do mut'a. Ibn Shihab said: I heard Rabi' b. Sabra narrating it to Umar b. 'Abd
al-'Aziz and I was sitting there. Sahi Muslim (Book #008, Hadith
#3261)
- Abd Nadra reported:
While I was in the company of Jibir, a person came and said: There is
difference of opinion among Ibn Abbas and Ibn Zubair about two mut'as
(benefits, Tamattul in Hajj and temporary marriage with women), whereupon
Jibir said: We have been doing this during the lifetime of Prophet
Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam), and then 'Umar forbade us to do so, and
we never resorted to them. Sahi Muslim (Book #007, Hadith #2874)
- Ghunaim b. Qais
said: I asked Sa'd b. Abu Waqqas (Allah be pleased with him) about mut'a,
whereupon he said: We did that, and it was the day when he was an unbeliever
living in (one of the) houses of Makkah. Sahi Muslim (Book #007, Hadith
#2821)
Comments:
Mut'a was performed by a Sahabah when he did not accept Islam, when he
was an unbeliever.
- Narrated Saburah
ibn Ma'bad al-Juhani: Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam)
prohibited temporary marriage with women. Abu Dawud (Book #11, Hadith
#2068)
- Sabra Juhanni
reported: Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) permitted
temporary marriage for us. So I and another person went out and saw a woman of
Bana 'Amir, who was like a young long-necked she-camel. We presented ourselves
to her (for contracting temporary marriage), whereupon she said: What dower
would you give me? I said: My cloak. And my companion also said: My cloak. And
the cloak of-my companion was superior to my cloak, but I was younger than he.
So when she looked at the cloak of my companion she liked it, and when she
cast a glance at me I looked more attractive to her. She then said: Well, you
and your cloak are sufficient for me. I remained with her for three nights,
and then Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) said: He who has
any such woman with whom he had contracted temporary marriage, he should let
her off. Sahi Bukhari (Book #008, Hadith #3252)
- Rabi' b. Sabra
reported on the authority of his father that Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) prohibited the contracting of temporary marriage.
Sahi Muslim (Book #008, Hadith #3259)
- Rabi' b. Sabra
reported that his father went on an expedition with Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) during the Victory of Makkah, and we stayed there
for fifteen days (i. e. for thirteen full days and a day and a night), and
Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) permitted us to contract
temporary marriage with women. So I and another person of my tribe went out,
and I was more handsome than he, whereas he was almost ugly. Each one of us
had a cloaks, My cloak was worn out, whereas the cloak of my cousin was quite
new. As we reached the lower or the upper side of Makkah, we came across a
young woman like a young smart long-necked she-camel. We said: Is it possible
that one of us may contract temporary marriage with you? She said: What will
you give me as a dower? Each one of us spread his cloak. She began to cast a
glance on both the persons. My companion also looked at her when she was
casting a glance at her side and he said: This cloak of his is worn out,
whereas my cloak is quite new. She, however, said twice or thrice: There is no
harm in (accepting) this cloak (the old one). So I contracted temporary
marriage with her, and I did not come out (of this) until Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) declared it forbidden. Sahi Muslim (Book #008,
Hadith #3253)
- 'Abd al-Malik b.
Rabi' b. Sabraal-Juhanni reported on the authority of his father who narrated
it on the authority of his father (i e. 'Abd al-Malik's grandfather, Sabura
al-juhanni): Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) permitted us to
contract temporary marriage in the Year of Victory, as we entered Mecce, and
we did come out of it but he forbade us to do it. Sahi Muslim (Book #008,
Hadith #3257)
- Rabi' b. Sabra
reported on the authority of his father that Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho
Alaihi Wasallam) forbade on the Day of Victory to contract temporary marriage
with women. This Hadith has been narrated on the authority of Rabi' b. Sabra
that Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) forbade to contract
temporary marriage with women at the time of Victory, and that his father had
contracted the marriage for two red cloaks. Sahi Muslim (Book #008, Hadith
#3260)
- Iyas b. Salama
reported on the authority of his father that Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho
Alaihi Wasallam) gave sanction for contracting temporary marriage for three
nights in the year of Autas 1847 and then forbade it. Sahi Muslim (Book #008,
Hadith #3251)
THE OFFER
& ACCEPTANCE OF NIKAH SHOULD BE OF PERMANENT NATURE AND NOT
TEMPORARY
All forms of temporary marriages are forbidden in
Islam. If anything stated in the offer and acceptance of Nikah indicates a
temporary nature, the marriage is not valid.
Allah has commanded us
to do lawful and honorable marriage. If Mut'a would be lawful and honorable then
Allah Almighty would never use the words 'honorable marrying'. If every marriage
would be lawful then Allah would simple say 'marriage'. The reason of commanding
us for lawful marriage is to differ lawful marriage from unlawful marriage i.e.
Mut'a. Permanent marriage is one of the Sunnahs of Prophet Mohammad (SalAllaho
Alaihi Wasallam) like other of his Sunnahs. Other Sunnahs and worships are never
distinguished for being lawful or unlawful but because temporary marriage
(Mut'a) was made unlawful later, that is why it was differed from lawful and
honorable marriage.
Quran:
- And his people came
rushing towards him, and since aforetime they used to commit crimes (sodomy,
etc.), he said: "O my people! Here are my daughters (i.e. the daughters of my
nation), they are purer for you (if you marry them lawfully). So fear Allah
and degrade me not as regards my guests! Is there not among you a single
right-minded man?" (Chapter #11, Verse #78)
- There is no blame
on you if ye make an offer of betrothal or hold it in your hearts. Allah knows
that ye cherish them in your hearts: But do not make a secret contract with
them except in terms Honorable, nor resolve on the tie of marriage till the
term prescribed is fulfilled. And know that Allah Knoweth what is in your
hearts, and take heed of Him; and know that Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most
Forbearing. (Chapter #2, Verse #235)
- And those of you
who die and leave behind wives should bequeath for their wives a years
maintenance and residence without turning them out, but if they (wives) leave,
there is no sin on you for that which they do of themselves, provided it is
honorable (e.g. lawful marriage). And Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise. (The
order of this Verse has been cancelled (abrogated) by Verse 4:12).
(Chapter #2, Verse #240)
- Let those who find
not the wherewithal for marriage keep themselves chaste, until Allah gives
them means out of His grace. And if any of your slaves ask for a deed in
writing (to enable them to earn their freedom for a certain sum), give them
such a deed if ye know any good in them: yea, give them something yourselves
out of the means which Allah has given to you. But force not your maids to
prostitution when they desire chastity, in order that ye may make a gain in
the goods of this life. But if anyone compels them, yet, after such
compulsion, is Allah, Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful (to them), (Chapter #24,
Verse #33)
HADITH
REJECTORS:
There is a vast
community of people who are Hadith rejecters. They claim to be Muslims but
actually they are not. They are Hypocrites who find their convenience and luxury
before the commands of Allah. Whoever will reject the saying of Prophet Mohammad
(SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) will go to Hell. Quran orders all of us to believe
in the sayings of Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam).
- Quran
So take what the Messenger assigns to you,
and deny yourselves that which he withholds from you. And fear Allah. for
Allah is strict in Punishment. (Chapter #59, Verse #7)
- O ye who believe!
When ye hold secret counsel, do it not for iniquity and hostility, and
disobedience to the prophet; but do it for righteousness and self- restraint;
and fear Allah, to Whom ye shall be brought back. (Chapter #58, Verse
#9)
Quran directs us to
act upon what Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) has told us to do
and refrain from what he stops us. We must obey him. Quran has given the tidings
of punishment for those who disobey the Prophet.
One should be ready
for the Hell fire if he/she thinks that the closest companions
(Sahabah-e-Karaam) of the Prophet have told a lie for the sayings of Prophet
Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam)? You and I are common Muslims much worried
about Hell and Heaven that is why many brothers and sisters asked me to write
about Mut'a because no one wants to get involved in a Haram thing. Then how can
you imagine that Sahabah-e-Karaam (RadiAllah Taala Anhah) told a lie for the
Prophet.
- Narrated 'Ali:
The Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam) said, "Do not tell a
lie against me for whoever tells a lie against me (intentionally) then he will
surely enter the hell-fire." Sahi Bukhari (Book #3, Hadith
#106)
The above Hadith is
narrated By Hazrat Ali (KaramAllah Wajhah), do you think Ahl-e-Bayt have lied
for Prophet Mohammad (SallAllaho Alaihi Wasallam)? If you think like this then
be prepared for burning in blazing fire of Hell.
SHIA SECT OF
MUSLIMS PRACTISE MUT'A AND CURSE SAHABAH-E-KARAM (RadiAllah Taala
Anhah)
I am not going in unrelated discussions of Shia and Sunni
but I will emphasize the readers to note that Shia community curse
Sahabah-e-Karaam (RadiAllah Taala Anhah) especially Hazrat Umar (RadiAllah Taala
Anhah), Hazrat Abu Bakr (RadiAllah Taala Anhah) and Hazrat Usman (RadiAllah
Taala Anhah) but they forget that Hazrat Ali (KaramAllah Wajhah) had 3 sons
naming in the names of Abu Bakr, Umer & Usman. No one keeps the names of
one's children in the names of enemies.
HAZRAT ALI
(KaramAllah Wajhah) & HAZRAT UMER (RadiAllah Taala
Anhah):
There is a very noticeable point which should be noted
in the above Hadiths, about the narrators of prohibition of Mut'a. Most of the
Hadiths have been narrated by Hazrat Ali bin Abi Talib (Karam Allah Wajhah) and
a few have been indirectly narrated by Hazrat Umer (RadiAllah Taala Anhah). It
is now your conscience that you believe it or not. It is the duty of every
Muslim not to conceal the truth.
Mut'a and eating
donkey's meat were prohibited since the first Day of the battle of Khaibar till
forever. Most of the Hadiths regarding the prohibition of Mut'a are narrated by
Hazrat Ali (KaramAllah Wajhah) and many Hadiths have been narrated by other
trustworthy Sahabah (RadiAllah Taala Anhah) that is why all of these Hadiths are
considered to be strong.
ADVICE FOR
THOSE WHO ARE ENGAGED IN MUT'A
If any person badly needs a
woman, then he should marry her in an honorable way stated in Shariah. It is not
necessary that you incur useless and too many expenses on celebration of your
wedding but you can perform Nikah in the presence of 2 non-discredited witnesses
ans set Mehr which is easily payable by you.
I sent articles about
the consent of woman and his family. A virgin woman must seek the consent of her
guardian (wali), though a matron may marry without the permission of her
guardian (wali). Matron is a lady who has been married once and now she is
either widow or divorcee; her second marriage is possible without the consent of
her guardian (wali).
It has become a
tradition to spent millions of money and too much wealth on wedding. But if you
seek guidance in the light of Shriah and if you badly need a life partner then
perform Nikah with simplicity but Nikah is must with the intention of permanent
marriage.
Poverty should not
become the hurdle to get married. Allah encourages the Muslims to marry even if
they are poor, as He has promised that he will shower His Grace and shall
provide the means of living to them.
- Quran
Marry those among you who are single, or the
virtuous ones among yourselves, male or female: if they are in poverty, Allah
will give them means out of His grace: for Allah encompasseth all, and he
knoweth all things. (Chapter #24, Verse #32)
Those people who
cannot marry because of any reason, they should fast to keep their chaste
because fasting reduces sexual desires but should not commit Zina
(Mut'a).
- Narrated 'Alqama:
While I was walking with 'Abdullah he said, "We were in the company of the
Prophet and he said, 'He who can afford to marry should marry, because it will
help him refrain from looking at other women, and save his private parts from
looking at other women, and save his private parts from committing illegal
sexual relation; and he who cannot afford to marry is advised to fast, as
fasting will diminish his sexual power." (Book #31, Hadith
#129)
CONCLUSION:
Temporary marriage, Mut'a or any other
name may it be, is Haram till the Day of Resurrection.