United Nations
Secretary-General’s Study on
Violence against
Children
Questionnaire to
Governments
Advance Version
Introduction
This questionnaire is
designed to obtain information from Governments for the United Nations
Secretary-General’s in-depth Study on the question of violence against children
requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 57/190. Mr. Paulo Sergio
Pinheiro has been appointed by the Secretary-General as the independent expert
to direct the study, in collaboration with the Office of the High Commissioner
for Human Rights (OHCHR), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the
World Health Organization (WHO), and he has developed a concept paper on the
study (E/CN.4/2004/68, annex).
In preparing the
report, the independent expert will draw on a variety of sources and available
information and statistics in addition to the responses to this
questionnaire. These will include
reports submitted by States parties under the Convention on the Rights of the
Child, as well as other human rights treaties, and information generated by
United Nations conferences and summits, and their reviews, including the special
sessions of the General Assembly, in particular the twenty-seventh special
session of the General Assembly on children. Official statistics available from
the United Nations Statistics Division and other statistical information
available in the United Nations system, including UNICEF, WHO and the
International Labour Organization (ILO) will be used. United Nations field presences will also
be asked to provide pertinent information. Information will also be gleaned from
non-governmental organizations and from regional and field-level consultations
and expert group meetings which will form an integral part of the
study.
The Committee on the
Rights of the Child has emphasized that the study “should lead to the
development of strategies aimed at effectively preventing and combating all
forms of violence against children, outlining steps to be taken at the
international level and by States to provide effective prevention, protection,
intervention, treatment, recovery and reintegration” (A/56/488, annex). The General Assembly called for the
study to put forward recommendations for consideration by
In providing responses
to the questionnaire, Governments are requested to consider approaches which
have been adopted at national level with respect to violence generally, and
towards children in particular. They are also asked to take account of the fact
that responses to all forms of violence against children might not be the task
of one Government department only, and depending on your Government’s structure
may be within the competence of the federal, state, provincial or municipal
authorities.
Governments may wish to
identify a focal point responsible for coordinating responses to the
questionnaire, and make this focal point known to the secretariat of the study.
If information called
for by the questionnaire has been provided by the Government in another context,
for example in reporting under the Convention on the Rights of the Child,
reference to that document should be provided, and information contained in that
document should not be repeated. Governments are also encouraged to provide
copies of relevant laws, policies, reports etc.
The questionnaire is
divided into seven parts, which deal with (I) the legal framework, (II) the
institutional framework and resources to address violence against children,
(III) the role of civil society in addressing violence against children, (IV)
children as actors in addressing violence, (v) policies and programmes to
address violence against children, (VI) data collection, analysis and research,
and (VII) awareness, advocacy and training. Examples of issues and questions
which are to be covered under each part of the questionnaire are provided for
guidance. Governments are not
required to cover each of these issues, but to select those which are most
relevant to their national context.
Additional issues, over and above those provided as guidance, can also be
raised in responses.
Governments are
encouraged to provide examples of good practices and innovative approaches to
addressing all forms of violence against children, in order to assist in the
dissemination and sharing of positive experiences. Governments are also asked to
outline obstacles encountered in addressing the issue.
Definition of
child
Governments should note
that in providing information for this questionnaire, a child is defined as in
article 1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child as “[e]very human being
below the age of eighteen years unless, under the law applicable to the child,
the majority is attained earlier.” Accordingly, information on strategies to
address violence against girls and boys under 18 should be provided throughout.
Submission of
responses
Responses to this
questionnaire should be sent in both hard copy and electronic format in
one of the six official United Nations languages no later than
Paulo
Sergio Pinheiro
UNOG – OHCHR
CH – 1211
Telefax: 41 22 917 90 22
e-mail: jconnors@ohchr.org
QUESTIONNAIRE
I.
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
This part of the questionnaire
aims to determine how your country’s legal framework addresses violence against
children, including prevention of violence, protection of children from
violence, redress for victims of violence, penalties for perpetrators and
reintegration and rehabilitation of victims.
International human
rights instruments
1.
Describe any developments with
respect to violence against children which have resulted from your country’s
acceptance of international human rights instruments, including, for example,
the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its optional protocols, the
Palermo Protocol or regional human rights instruments. Provide information on cases concerning
violence against children in which your country’s courts or tribunals have
referred to international or regional human rights
standards.
Legal provisions on
violence against children
2.
Describe how forms of violence
against children are addressed in your country’s constitution, legislation and
subsidiary legislation, and, where appropriate, customary law.
3.
Provide details of any specific
legislative provisions on:
·
Prevention of all forms of
physical, sexual and mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent
treatment, and sexual abuse;
·
Protection of children from all
forms of violence;
·
Redress, including compensation,
for child victims of violence;
·
Penalties for perpetrators of
violence against children;
·
Reintegration and rehabilitation
of child victims of violence.
4.
Indicate whether any specific
legislative provisions address all forms of violence including physical, sexual
and psychological violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment and
sexual exploitation against children which take place in:
·
The family/
home;
·
Schools and pre-school care and
education (both formal and non-formal, state and private);
·
Military
schools;
·
Institutions including care,
residential, health and mental health;
·
The context of law and public
order enforcement including in detention facilities or
prisons;
·
The neighbourhood, street and the
community, including in rural areas;
·
The workplace (informal and
formal);
·
Sports and sporting
facilities.
5.
Indicate if corporal punishment of
children, in any setting, including in the family, is explicitly prohibited in
your legal system. Provide details of any legal defences available to those who
administer corporal punishment to children, including in the family. Provide information on penalties
applicable to those who administer corporal punishment to children, including in
the family.
6.
Provide information on whether the
penal code permits corporal punishment and/or capital punishment as a sentence
for crimes committed by under 18 year olds.
7.
Provide details on whether
bullying/hazing and sexual harassment are explicitly addressed by
legislation.
8.
Provide information on the way in
which harmful or violent traditional practices, including but not limited to
female genital mutilation, child marriage or honour crimes are addressed in your
country.
9.
Provide information on the
applicability of specific provisions to address all forms of violence against
children to non-citizens and stateless children, including asylum seekers and
displaced children. If specific provisions do not apply to such children,
provide details of protection offered to them.
10.
Provide information on any
difference in the definition of violence and the applicable legal framework
according to:
·
The sex or sexual orientation of
the victim and/or of the perpetrator;
·
The age of the victim and /or of
the perpetrator;
·
The relationship between the
victim and the perpetrator, including, but not limited to infanticide, sexual
violence in marriage, incest and sexual abuse within the family, and physical
chastisement.
11.
Provide information on any recent
comprehensive review of the legal framework to address violence against
children.
12.
Provide information on any studies
and surveys which have been undertaken to assess the impact of legal measures to
address violence against children.
Courts tasked with
addressing violence against children
13.
Identify those parts of the court
structure in your country tasked with addressing violence against children. Indicate if your family or juvenile
courts have specific responsibility for this issue.
Minimum age for sexual
activity
14.
Provide information on any
legislatively defined minimum age required for valid consent to sexual
activity. Is this age different for
girls and boys? Is this age different in respect of heterosexual and homosexual
activities?
15.
Provide information on the minimum
age of marriage for women and men.
Sexual exploitation of
children
16.
Provide information on legislation
and other measures to prevent the commercial sexual exploitation of children,
including through prostitution and other unlawful sexual activities. Provide details on means to ensure that
child victims of such exploitation are not criminalized. Provide information on
legislation or other measures to prohibit all forms of sale or trafficking in
children, including by their parents.
Pornography and harmful
information
17.
Provide information on legislation and other measures to prohibit
the production, possession and dissemination of child pornography. In
particular, please provide information on any controls on pornography produced
and/or disseminated via the internet.
18.
Provide information on any legislation or guidelines to protect
children from injurious information and material transmitted through the media,
Internet, videos, electronic games, etc.
Reporting obligations
relating to violence against children
19.
Provide information on
legislation, regulations or administrative directives requiring reporting of all
forms of violence against and abuse of children in all settings to appropriate
bodies. If reporting legislation,
regulations or administrative directives exist, please indicate whether all
citizens are required to report, or whether the obligation falls on certain
professional groups only. Provide
details of any sanctions for non-reporting.
Complaints
procedures
20.
Provide information on any
complaints procedures relating to all forms of violence against children
perpetrated in:
·
The family/
home;
·
Schools and pre-school care and
education (both formal and non-formal, state and private);
·
Military
schools;
·
Institutions, state and private,
including care, residential, health and mental health;
·
The context of law and public
order enforcement including in detention facilities or
prisons;
·
The neighbourhood, street and the
community, including in rural areas;
·
The workplace (informal and
formal);
·
Sports and sporting
facilities.
21.
Indicate whether children or
persons acting on their behalf can access these procedures. Indicate whether
legal aid is available to facilitate submission of complaints, and the
circumstances in which legal aid will be available.
22.
Describe steps which have been
taken to raise awareness of possibilities to submit complaints about violence
against children.
23.
Provide information on any special
procedural or evidentiary rules which may apply in proceedings with respect to
violence against children.
24.
Provide information on the usual
outcome of complaints of violence against children (e.g. compensation,
punishment of perpetrators, perpetrator rehabilitation, family
therapy).
25.
Provide information on the usual
outcome of legal proceedings in which children and juveniles are found guilty of
perpetrating violence (e.g. imprisonment, corporal punishment, community
service, perpetrator rehabilitation, family therapy).
II. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND
RESOURCES TO ADDRESS VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN
The aim of this section is to
establish if your country has an institution coordinating multi-sectoral activities concerning
violence against children, which include prevention, protection, redress,
reintegration and rehabilitation.
26.
Are there any Governmental
authorities, structures and mechanisms, including at federal, state/provincial,
municipal and local level which are currently responsible for addressing
violence against children?
If YES, identify these
authorities, structures and mechanisms and describe how coordination is ensured.
27.
Is there a lead Government
authority tasked with responsibility for addressing violence against
children?
If YES, provide
details.
28.
Are specific financial and/or
human resources allocated by your country to address violence generally?
If YES, indicate
the extent of these allocations.
29.
Does your country allocate
specific financial and/or human resources to activities to address violence
against children?
If YES, provide
details.
30.
Do international or bilateral
donors provide resources to your country for activities to address violence
against children?
If YES, indicate the
extent of these resources and the way in which they are
used.
31.
Does your country provide any
assistance to other countries’ efforts to respond to the problem of violence
against children?
If YES, provide
details.
32.
If your country has a national
human rights institution, such as a human rights commission or ombudsman, or a
child-specific human rights institution, does it have any role or competence in
the area of violence against children, including receiving
complaints?
If YES, provide
details.
33.
Are there any particular
parliamentary structures (for example special committees) to address violence
against children?
If YES, provide
details.
34.
Have there been any recent
parliamentary initiatives to address violence against children?
If YES, please
give details.
III. ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN
ADDRESSING VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN
The aim of this section is to
elicit information on civil society activities relating to violence against
children.
35.
Describe significant civil society
initiatives addressing violence against children in your country, including the
types of institutions involved (such as academic institutions, professional
associations, women’s associations, student associations, community-based
groups, faith-based groups, child and youth-led groups, trade unions, employer’s
organizations, national non-governmental organizations, international
non-governmental organizations) and the major activities engaged in (including
advocacy, awareness raising, research, prevention, rehabilitation and treatment
of children harmed by violence, provision of services, provision of
resources).
36.
Describe the support provided by
your Government for these activities and the efforts made to coordinate civil
society and government initiatives.
37.
Describe the role played by the
media in addressing violence against children.
IV. CHILDREN AS ACTORS IN
ADDRESSING VIOLENCE
This section is designed to
extract information on children’s activities to address
violence.
38.
Provide information on the
involvement and consultation of children in designing activities, and in
implementation and monitoring of programmes and policies to address violence
against them. Provide details, including ages and other details of the children
involved.
39.
Describe the involvement, if any,
of children in designing special procedural or evidentiary rules applying in
court proceedings with respect to hearings concerning violence against children.
Provide details including ages and other details of the children
involved.
40.
Describe the amount and type of
resources made available to support children’s participation in activities to
address violence against children.
V. POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES TO
ADDRESS VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN
A comprehensive policy
for dealing with violence against children is one that addresses multiple forms of violence
against children, that works across the different settings in which violence
occurs, and which includes components for prevention, protection, victim
medical, psychological, legal and social assistance, victim rehabilitation and
reintegration, and perpetrator interventions. Such policy is distinguished from
specific programmes that address selected sub-types of violence against children
or its effects in specific populations and
settings.
41.
Does your Government have a
comprehensive policy concerning violence against children?
If YES, provide details
and describe any gender-specific provisions included in the
policy.
42.
Does your Government deliver, or
provide direct support for delivery by other agencies, of specific programmes
aimed at preventing and responding to violence against
children?
If YES, please provide
available summary reports, or URLs, of these programmes, and indicate, using the
table below, which settings and types of violence are addressed by these
programmes:
|
Physical |
Sexual |
Psychological |
Neglect |
HTPs |
Other |
Family/Home |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Schools |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Institutions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Neighbourhood/ Community |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Workplace |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Law
enforcement |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
43.
Does your Government monitor the
impact of these policies and programmes directed towards violence against
children?
If YES, describe the
monitoring systems and provide a URL or other reference where the system and
outcomes are described in greater details.
44.
Does your Government participate
in any internationally coordinated activities concerning violence against
children?
If YES, please
provide details.
VI. DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSIS AND
RESEARCH
This section aims to provide an
overview of information systems and information about violence against children
that may be used to inform, plan and monitor policy, legal and programmatic
interventions concerning violence against children.
45.
Over the past five years, has
there been any victimization, epidemiological or other population-based surveys
of any forms of violence against children in your country?
If YES, provide
details or references, or attach.
46.
Have there been any small-scale or
representative interview studies with parents and children on violent
victimisation of children?
If so, please give
details.
47.
Over the past five years, has your
Government conducted or commissioned any scientific research projects on the
problem of violence against children?
If YES, indicate the
subject of this research and where the findings of these projects may be
consulted in more detail.
48.
Have studies or surveys been
undertaken into the impact of legal measures to address violence against
children?
If YES, provide details
or references, or attach.
49.
Does your Government have a system
for formal inquiries into all child deaths in which it is known or suspected
that violence may have played any part?
Provide details.
50.
Are regular (e.g. annual) reports
published describing the statistical profile of the known or suspected violent
deaths investigated by the system?
If YES, what
proportion of all homicide deaths are under the age 18?
…….%
51.
If reports on the national profile
of known and suspected violent deaths are published by your Government, indicate
how the data is broken down for the purpose of reporting (check all that
apply):
Sex |
|
Age |
|
Ethnicity |
|
Manner of death (homicide,
suicide, undetermined) |
|
External causes of death
(firearm, strangulation, etc.) |
|
Geographical location of
incident (address) |
|
Scene of occurrence (home,
school, etc.) |
|
Time and date of
incident |
|
Victim-perpetrator
relationship |
|
Other: |
|
52.
Provide the total number of
reported cases of violence against children in 2000, 2001, 2002 and
2003.
53.
Provide the total number of
convictions and reported cases for the various categories of crimes of violence
recorded against children in 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003.
VII. AWARENESS, ADVOCACY AND
TRAINING
This section is aimed at gathering
information on any awareness-raising, advocacy and training activities relating
to violence against children which may have been conducted by your
Government.
54.
Over the last five years has your
Government conducted or commissioned any campaigns for raising awareness of and
preventing violence against children?
If YES, please describe
any recent campaigns, including the settings and types of violence that were the
subjects of the campaigns and the target audience (general public, caregivers,
teachers, etc.).
55.
How were the campaign messages and
information disseminated (check all that apply)?
Print
media |
|
Radio |
|
Television |
|
Theatre |
|
Schools |
|
Others |
|
56.
Over the last five years, has your
Government provided, commissioned or sponsored training programmes in the area
of violence against children?
If YES, indicate which
of the following areas were addressed by the last such training programmes and
which provider groups received training (check all that
apply).
|
Prevention |
Protection |
Redress |
Rehabilitation |
Penalties |
Medical Professionals
(including paediatricians, nurses, psychiatrists and
dentists) |
|
|
|
|
|
Public health
practitioners |
|
|
|
|
|
Social workers
and Psychologists |
|
|
|
|
|
Teachers and other
educators |
|
|
|
|
|
Court officials (including
judges) |
|
|
|
|
|
Police |
|
|
|
|
|
Prison
officers |
|
|
|
|
|
Juvenile offenders
personnel Institution
personnel Parents/guardians |
|
|
|
|
|
Other (please
specify) |
|
|
|
|
|
Please provide
details.