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STRUGGLING TO SURVIVE:
CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICT IN
THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO

April 2006

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122 East 42nd Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10168 http://www.watchlist.org/
Telephone: 212.551.3111 Fax: 212.551.3180 watchlist@womenscommission.org

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

• LIST OF ACRONYMS
• INDICATORS
• INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
• SUMMARY
• CONTEXT
  • Political Background
  • Transitional Government
  • Elections
  • Parties to Conflict—Regional Involvement
  • New Armed Groups
  • Ongoing Violence: Killing, Maiming, Rape and Pillage
  • Humanitarian Crisis
  • Human Rights Defenders
  • Impunity
  • MONUC
• REFUGEES AND IDPs
  • IDPs—Ongoing Displacement
  • IDP Returns
  • Refugee Returns
  • Massacre at Gatumba Transit Center
  • Ituri District: Focus on Displacement and Violence
• HEALTH
  • Disease
  • Malnutrition
  • Death Rates
• HIV/AIDS
• EDUCATION
  • Educational Costs
• GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
  • Sexual Violence and Severe Cruelty
  • Fate of Survivors of GBV
  • Psychosocial Consequences of Sexual Violence
  • Boys and Men
  • Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) of Girls by MONUC Personnel
• TRAFFICKING AND EXPLOITATION
  • Children Accused of Sorcery
  • Street Children
  • Forced Labor
  • Exploitation of Natural Resources and Violations against Children
• LANDMINES AND UXO
  • Congolese Government
  • Assessment and Casualties
  • Mine Action
• SMALL ARMS
  • Human Rights Violations and Small Arms
  • Arming Children and Other Civilians
  • Banditry and Small Arms
  • Violations of the UN Arms Embargo
  • European Union Arms Embargo
• CHILDREN ASSOCIATED WITH ARMED FORCES AND GROUPS
  • Children Associated with Armed Forces and Groups Overview, 2003:
  • Girls Associated with Armed Forces and Groups
  • Congolese Government Forces
  • Mai Mai
  • MLC, RCD-K/ML and Ugandan Forces
  • RCD-Goma (and Rwandan Defence Force, Formerly RPA)
  • Ex-FAR and Interahamwe
  • Ethnic Militias
  • Detention of Children Associated with Armed Forces and Groups
  • Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR)
• UN SECURITY COUNCIL ACTIONS
  • UNSC Resolutions on DRC
  • UNSC Resolutions on Children and Armed Conflict
  • Implementation of Resolution 1612: The Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism
  • UN Secretary-General’s Reports to the Security Council
• URGENT RECOMMENDATIONS
  • To the Governing Authorities of DRC
  • To All Armed Groups Operating in DRC
  • To the UN Security Council
  • To MONUC
  • To the Humanitarian Community in DRC
  • To Donors
  • To the International Criminal Court
• SOURCES
  • Christian Aid, Oxfam-GB, Save the Children
  • DRC: Humanitarians Facilitate Voluntary Return of IDPs from Bunia, 8/3/05
• ENDNOTES

IMPORTANT NOTES:

• The names of the victims of egregious violations documented in this report have been changed to protect the security of the victims and their families

• Information contained in this report is current through January 31, 2006

• Watchlist’s June 2003 report on DRC, The Impact of Armed Conflict on Children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is available at www.watchlist.org